22 Facts About Paris Agreement

Paris Agreement, often referred to as the Paris Accords or the Paris Climate Accords, is an international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015.

The Agreement was negotiated by 196 parties at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference near Paris, France.

Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 at a ceremony in New York.

Paris Agreement was lauded by world leaders, but criticised as insufficiently binding by some environmentalists and analysts.

The Paris Agreement has been successfully used in climate litigation forcing countries and an oil company to strengthen climate action.

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Negotiations in Paris Agreement took place over a two-week span, and continued throughout the three final nights.

The Paris Agreement was signed by 175 parties on the first day it was opened for signature.

Article 28 enables parties to withdraw from the Paris Agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the depositary.

The notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the Paris Agreement was in force for three years for the US, on 4 November 2019.

Paris Agreement is a short agreement with 16 introductory paragraphs and 29 articles.

Paris Agreement has been described as having a bottom-up structure, as its core pledge and review mechanism allows nations to set their own NDCs, rather than having targets imposed top down.

The Paris Agreement still emphasises the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities—the acknowledgement that different nations have different capacities and duties to climate action—but it does not provide a specific division between developed and developing nations.

The Paris Agreement recognises the rights of parties to use emissions reductions outside of their own borders toward their NDC, in a system of carbon accounting and trading.

The Paris Agreement called for a balance of climate finance between adaptation and mitigation, and specifically increasing adaptation support for parties most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including Least developed countries and Small Island Developing States.

The Paris Agreement reminds parties of the importance of public grants, because adaptation measures receive less investment from the public sector.

The Paris Agreement adopts the Warsaw Mechanism, an institution that will attempt to address questions about how to classify, address, and share responsibility for loss.

Article 13 of the Paris Agreement articulates an "enhanced transparency framework for action and support" that establishes harmonized monitoring, reporting, and verification requirements.

The Paris Agreement has provisions for an enhanced framework for capacity building, recognises the varying circumstances of countries, and notes that the technical expert review for each country consider that country's specific capacity for reporting.

The Paris Agreement develops a Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency to assist developing countries in building the necessary institutions and processes for compliance.

In December 2020, the former chair of the COP 21, Laurent Fabius, argued that the implementation of the Paris Agreement could be bolstered by the adoption of a Global Pact for the Environment.

Effectiveness of the Paris Agreement to reach its climate goals is under debate, with most experts saying it is insufficient for its more ambitious goal of keeping global temperature rise under 1.

Paris Agreement has become a focal point of climate change litigation.