16 Facts About Parma FC

Parma FC spent just one season in Serie C before a second successive relegation, this time to Serie D, in 1966.

Under the management of Cesare Maldini, Parma FC returned to Serie B after winning its division in 1984 with victory on the final day over Sanremo; Juventus-bound Stefano Pioli scored the only goal of the game.

Parma FC consequently made its debut in the UEFA Champions League the following year.

Under Pietro Carmignani in 2002, Parma FC won the third Coppa Italia trophy against Juventus and finished outside the top six for the first time since promotion in 1990.

Parma FC ended the following season, its first without European competition since 1991, in tenth, but returned in 2006 after the Calciopoli scandal.

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Under Marino's replacement, Franco Colomba, Parma FC escaped the threat of relegation with two games to spare.

Originally, the club wore yellow and blue chequered shirts in honour of the city's traditional colours, which date back to 1545 when the Duchy of Parma FC was established, but white shirts with a black cross on the chest were introduced after the First World War, drawing inspiration from Juventus' colours, following a name change.

Parma FC initially had no permanent home and used the Piazza d'Armi, where two wooden posts constituted the frame of each goal.

Parma FC moved into the Stadio Ennio Tardini in 1923 and remains there today, although the stadium saw drastic change from the vision of Ennio Tardini, under whose auspices the stadium was to be built, but who died before completion of the venue.

Parma FC maintains rivalries with regional and national clubs; some of these are keenly fought local derbies.

Bologna and Parma FC are Emilia-Romagna's two most decorated clubs, winning the region's only domestic titles: 7 Serie A titles and 5 Coppe Italia.

Ironically, Parma FC's colours have their origins in those Juventus wears, and the switch from white and black to a yellow and blue home kit in the late 1990s took place in order to distance and distinguish Parma FC from Juventus.

Parma FC enjoy amicable relations with Empoli in an arrangement that dates back to a game played in foggy conditions in 1984 that ended in the Parma FC fans congratulating those of Empoli on its win when the full-time whistle was blown without the Azzurri fans' knowledge.

The medals of Parma FC, which was owned by the company, as well as Centro Sportivo di Collecchio which was owned by its holding company Eventi Sportivi, were under auction after the bankruptcy.

Parma FC has had numerous chairmen over the course of its history; here is a complete list of them:.

Parma FC has won eight major titles in its history, all coming in a period of ten years between 1992 and 2002.