1. Pavel Borisovich Axelrod was an early Russian Marxist revolutionary.
17 Facts About Pavel Axelrod
1. 2.
Pavel Axelrod was forced to work for a living from a young age; though while still in his early teens, he produced his first political essay, on the condition of the Jewish poor in the Mogilev Region, in modern-day Belarus.
3.
Pavel Axelrod returned to Ukraine briefly later in 1875, joined the Land and Liberty party.
4.
Pavel Axelrod devoted himself to propaganda work among factory workers in Kiev, where in 1879, he and Yakov Stefanovich, founded the Workers' Union of South Russia.
5.
Pavel Axelrod was a founder the populist Black Repartition group, another of whose leading members was Georgi Plekhanov.
6.
Pavel Axelrod was a 'moderate' within the Russian revolutionary movement, with an instinctive dislike of revolutionary violence.
7.
Pavel Axelrod was "indignant" when two members of Black Repartition, Elizaveta Kovalskaya and Nikolai Schedrin told him that they planned to kill a factory owner in Smolensk who locked his workers in the factory overnight, with a result that many of them were burned to death when the building caught fire.
8.
Pavel Axelrod argued in the journal Vol'noe Slovo that the Kiev pogrom was damaging to the proletariat.
9.
Pavel Axelrod emigrated to Switzerland again in June 1880, remaining in exile for 37 years.
10.
In 1875 in Geneva, Pavel Axelrod married his former private student Nadezhda Ivanovna Kaminer, daughter of Isaac Kaminer.
11.
Pavel Axelrod's home was a place of refuge for fugitives from Russia, who were fed there; some were fitted out with new clothes.
12.
In 1908, Pavel Axelrod sold his company in exchange for the retirement payments to him from the new owner.
13.
In Switzerland, in September 1883, Pavel Axelrod joined Plekhanov, Vera Zasulich and Leo Deutsch in Emancipation of Labor, the first Russian Marxist group.
14.
When Iskra supporters split at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1903, Pavel Axelrod sided with the Menshevik faction.
15.
Pavel Axelrod fundamentally disagreed with Lenin's concept of the party as a disciplined organisation of professional revolutionaries who led the workers.
16.
Pavel Axelrod believed that the revolutionaries would eventually take instructions from organised labour, and during the 1905 revolution, he was the author of a proposal to hold a mass workers' conference.
17.
In 1917, after the February Revolution, Pavel Axelrod returned to Russia.