16 Facts About Peripatric speciation

Peripatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population.

Since peripatric speciation resembles allopatric speciation, in that populations are isolated and prevented from exchanging genes, it can often be difficult to distinguish between them.

Nevertheless, the primary characteristic of peripatric speciation proposes that one of the populations is much smaller than the other.

Concept of peripatric speciation was first outlined by the evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr in 1954.

Since then, other alternative models have been developed such as centrifugal Peripatric speciation, that posits that a species' population experiences periods of geographic range expansion followed by shrinking periods, leaving behind small isolated populations on the periphery of the main population.

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Existence of peripatric speciation is supported by observational evidence and laboratory experiments.

Peripatric speciation was originally proposed by Ernst Mayr in 1954, and fully theoretically modeled in 1982.

Quantum Peripatric speciation is a rapid process with large genotypic or phenotypic effects, whereby a new, cross-fertilizing plant species buds off from a larger population as a semi-isolated peripheral population.

Evidence for the occurrence of this type of speciation has been found in several plant species pairs: Layia discoidea and L glandulosa, Clarkia lingulata and C biloba, and Stephanomeria malheurensis and S exigua ssp.

Closely related model of peripatric speciation is called budding speciation—largely applied in the context of plant speciation.

Centrifugal speciation has been largely ignored in the scientific literature, often dominated by the traditional model of peripatric speciation.

Island species provide direct evidence of speciation occurring peripatrically in such that, "the presence of endemic species on oceanic islands whose closest relatives inhabit a nearby continent" must have originated by a colonization event.

Peripatric speciation occurs on continents, as isolation of small populations can occur through various geographic and dispersion events.

Peripatric speciation has been researched in both laboratory studies and nature.

Jerry Coyne and H Allen Orr in Speciation suggest that most laboratory studies of allopatric speciation are examples of peripatric speciation due to their small population sizes and the inevitable divergent selection that they undergo.

Coyne and Orr conclude that selection's role in Peripatric speciation is well established, whereas genetic drift's role is unsupported by experimental and field data—suggesting that founder-effect Peripatric speciation does not occur.