11 Facts About Publication bias

In published academic research, publication bias occurs when the outcome of an experiment or research study biases the decision to publish or otherwise distribute it.

The study of publication bias is an important topic in metascience.

Publication bias occurs when the publication of research results depends not just on the quality of the research but on the hypothesis tested, and the significance and direction of effects detected.

Publication bias is sometimes called the file-drawer effect, or file-drawer problem.

Outcome reporting Publication bias occurs when multiple outcomes are measured and analyzed, but the reporting of these outcomes is dependent on the strength and direction of its results.

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Evidence of publication bias was found in meta-analyses published in prominent medical journals.

Where publication bias is present, published studies are no longer a representative sample of the available evidence.

Meta-analyses and systematic reviews can account for publication bias by including evidence from unpublished studies and the grey literature.

The presence of publication bias can be explored by constructing a funnel plot in which the estimate of the reported effect size is plotted against a measure of precision or sample size.

One example cited as an instance of publication bias is the refusal to publish attempted replications of Bem's work that claimed evidence for precognition by The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Publication bias can be contained through better-powered studies, enhanced research standards, and careful consideration of true and non-true relationships.