Raphael Friedeberg was a German physician, socialist and anarchist.
22 Facts About Raphael Friedeberg
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Raphael Friedeberg studied medicine and political economy at the University of Konigsberg, but was expelled in 1887 for "abetting social democratic endeavors".
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Raphael Friedeberg moved to Berlin, where he worked as a private teacher and continued his studies at the University of Berlin after the sunset of the Anti-Socialist Laws in 1890, graduating in 1895.
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Raphael Friedeberg worked as a general practitioner and a specialist for pulmonary disease in Berlin from 1895 to 1911.
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Raphael Friedeberg contributed to Sozialistischer Akademiker from early 1895 to the end of 1896, and from 1897 on, he was a member of the press commission of Sozialistische Monatshefte.
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Raphael Friedeberg was active in the establishment of health insurance for the working class in Berlin.
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In 1899, Raphael Friedeberg helped establish Berlin's Central Commission of Health Insurance Boards, which then organized the first Congress of German Health Insurance Boards.
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Raphael Friedeberg became frustrated with the SPD's focus on parliamentary and by the unions' political neutrality.
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Raphael Friedeberg blamed the socialist movement's inability to gain influence after the end of the Anti-Socialist-Laws on these two policies.
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Raphael Friedeberg came into contact with the Free Association of German Trade Unions, a federation, more radical than the Free Trade Unions, founded in 1897.
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One problem, said Raphael Friedeberg, was to be found in the SPD's political theory.
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Raphael Friedeberg first set foot in Ascona, Switzerland in 1904 to recover from a blood infection, which led to a heart dilatation, following a carbuncle operation.
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Not long after leaving the SPD, Raphael Friedeberg started to become disillusioned even with the FVdG.
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Raphael Friedeberg told Fritz Kater, a leader in the FVdG, that he had drifted "further to the left".
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Raphael Friedeberg started collaborating with the non-syndicalist anarchist movement, especially with the Anarchist Federation of Germany, which had been founded in 1903.
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Raphael Friedeberg came into contact with Swiss radicals, lecturing about the First Russian Revolution in Zurich in 1906.
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Raphael Friedeberg started visiting Ascona frequently and moved out of Berlin to the suburb of Friedrichshagen.
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Raphael Friedeberg started turning his back on organized anarchism, moving to a more individualist understanding of anarchism.
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Raphael Friedeberg still followed German and European politics, but felt no need to participate.
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From 1911 to 1931, Raphael Friedeberg worked as a physician in the spa town of Bad Kudowa throughout the summer and at the natural healing Sanatorium Monte Verita in Ascona, Switzerland, in the winter.
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Raphael Friedeberg turned Ascona into "a center for itinerant anarchists" like Erich Muhsam and Johannes Nohl.
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Raphael Friedeberg introduced a "fresh air and nature therapy" and built "air huts" for his patients' recreation.