1. Roman-Taras Yosypovych Shukhevych was a Ukrainian nationalist and a military leader of the nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army, which during the Second World War fought against the Soviet Union and to a lesser extent against the Nazi Germany for Ukrainian independence.
Roman Shukhevych collaborated with the Nazis from February 1941 to December 1942 as commanding officer of the Nachtigall Battalion in early 1941, and as a of the German Schutzmannschaft 201 auxiliary police battalion in late 1941 and 1942.
Roman Shukhevych was born in the city of Lemberg, in the Galicia region of Austria-Hungary.
Roman Shukhevych studied at the Lviv Academic Gymnasium, living with his grandfather, an ethnographer Volodymyr Shukhevych.
In October 1926, Roman Shukhevych entered the Lviv Politechnic Institute to study civil engineering.
Roman Shukhevych was an accomplished musician and with his brother Yuriy completed studies in piano and voice at the Lysenko Music Institute.
Roman Shukhevych sang solo on occasions with his brother in the Lviv opera.
Roman Shukhevych organized Plast groups and founded the "Chornomortsi" kurin in 1927.
From 1928 to 1929, Roman Shukhevych did his military service in the Polish army.
Roman Shukhevych was a leader of a wave of attacks against Polish property and homes in Galicia in 1930 intended to provoke Polish authorities into retaliation and to radicalise Ukrainian society.
Roman Shukhevych planned and participated in terrorist activities and assassinations.
Roman Shukhevych propagated the idea that the revolution was an uncompromising conflict in order to permanently defeat the foe.
Roman Shukhevych took an active part in developing a concept regarding the formation of a Ukrainian army.
From 19 January 1935, Roman Shukhevych was confined to the Brygitki prison in Lwow.
Roman Shukhevych was incarcerated for his membership in the Regional executive of the OUN.
Roman Shukhevych was sentenced to three years in jail; however, because of the 1935 amnesty he was released from jail after spending half a year in the Bereza Kartuska and two years in another prison.
Roman Shukhevych was released in an amnesty on 27 January 1937.
Roman Shukhevych was very successful and had sections working with the press and film, publishing booklets, printing posters, selling mineral water, and compiling address listings.
Roman Shukhevych organized financial aid for the government of the fledgling republic and sent OUN members to set up the Carpathian Sich.
Roman Shukhevych took an active part in the short-term armed conflict with Hungarian forces and was almost killed in one of the actions.
Roman Shukhevych organized the illegal transportation of documents and materials across the Soviet-German border and collected information about OUN activities in Ukraine.
Roman Shukhevych prepared the Second Great Congress of the OUN which took place in April 1941.
Roman Shukhevych became a commander of the Legion from the OUN-B side.
Roman Shukhevych's titles were that of Hauptmann of the first company and deputy Commander of the Battalion, which was commanded by Yevhen Pobihushchyi.
Roman Shukhevych decided to join OUN and quickly gained the leading role in the organization.
Some were arrested and placed in the jail on Lonsky street, while Roman Shukhevych escaped, and went into hiding.
University of Alberta historian Per Anders Rudling has stated that Roman Shukhevych commanded the UPA since the summer of 1943, when tens of thousands of Poles were massacred.
Roman Shukhevych's residence was surrounded by some 700 soldiers of Internal Troops.
Roman Shukhevych was succeeded as leader of UPA by Vasyl Kuk.
On 23 October 2001, the Lviv Historical Museum converted the house in which Roman Shukhevych was killed into a memorial museum.
Roman Shukhevych was portrayed by Ukrainian-Canadian actor Hryhoriy Hladiy in the Ukrainian film Neskorenyi.
On 1 January 2024, on what would have been Bandera's 115th birthday, the museum in Lviv dedicated to Roman Shukhevych was bombed by Russian forces and burned down.
Roman Shukhevych was posthumously conferred the title of Hero of Ukraine by President Viktor Yushchenko on 12 October 2007.
On 12 February 2009, an administrative Donetsk region court ruled the Presidential decree awarding the title to be legal after a lawyer had claimed that his rights as a citizen were violated because Roman Shukhevych was never a citizen of Ukraine.
Consequently, Roman Shukhevych was not a Ukrainian citizen, and this title could not be awarded to him.