14 Facts About Ruqaiya Hasan

Ruqaiya Hasan was a professor of linguistics who held visiting positions and taught at various universities in England.

Ruqaiya Hasan drew on Halliday's early work, in particular, his "Categories of the Theory of Grammar" paper, which had been published in 1961.

Ruqaiya Hasan divided linguistic theories into two categories: "externalist" and "internalist".

Ruqaiya Hasan applied the term "externalist" to those theories where language is assigned a "subsidiary role" in the creation of meaning.

Ruqaiya Hasan followed but extended the model of linguistic context set out by Michael Halliday going back to the 1960s, in which he proposed that linguistic context must be seen as a "semiotic construct" with three essential parameters: field, tenor and mode.

Ruqaiya Hasan argued that context is essential to resolving Saussure's dichotomy of 'langue' and 'parole'.

Ruqaiya Hasan made a theoretical distinction between "relevant context" [aspects of context encapsulated in the text], and what she called in 1973 the 'material situational setting'.

Ruqaiya Hasan argued for the application of the system network as a mechanism for the systematic description of the regularities across diverse social contexts.

Ruqaiya Hasan adopted the term semantic variation to describe her findings from this research, a term first coined by Labov and Weiner.

Ruqaiya Hasan's findings represent linguistic correlates of Basil Bernstein's conception of "coding orientation".

Ruqaiya Hasan collected some 100 hours of naturally occurring discourse in families across distinct social locations.

Ruqaiya Hasan used the terms higher-autonomy professional and lower-autonomy professional to distinguish social locations, the latter describing professionals who have discretion over the way their working time is organized, as distinct from those whose time is at the discretion of others higher up in a workplace hierarchy.

Foregrounding, for Ruqaiya Hasan, is contrast with respect to the norms of the text.

Ultimately, Ruqaiya Hasan describes the patterning of language patterns as 'symbolic articulation'.