Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a country and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; Russian citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation.
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Constitution of Russia provides differing definitions for both terms; Russian citizenship is the status given to an individual indicating the state which exercises jurisdiction over that particular person and nationality refers to a person's ethnic group.
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Foreigners who wished to become Russian citizenship subjects became required to swear an oath of personal fealty to the Russian citizenship monarch during the reign of Peter the Great.
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The residence requirement could be reduced for individuals who performed an extraordinary service for the Russian citizenship state, were especially talented or highly skilled in a scientific field, or made significant investments in the empire.
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The term "Russian citizenship" became introduced in this reform as a different name for the concept of subjecthood.
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Spouses, children, and other lineal descendants of Russian citizens were eligible for citizenship by registration without time limit.
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Children of former Russian citizens who were born after their parents' loss of citizenship had a right to register as Russian citizens within five years of reaching age 18.
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Dual citizenship agreements had been intended to ease the post-Soviet transition for ethnic Russians who found themselves living in foreign countries.
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Ukrainian citizens seeking to acquire Russian citizenship have not been required to prove renunciation of Ukrainian citizenship since 2017 and residents of Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast became eligible for expedited acquisition of Russian citizenship in 2019.
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Any person born in Russia automatically receives Russian citizenship by birth if at least one parent is a Russian citizen.
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Certain groups of foreign citizens and stateless persons qualify for a facilitated acquisition of Russian citizenship without needing to fulfill a minimum residence requirement.
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Russian citizenship can be relinquished by making a declaration of renunciation.
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In circumstances where the Russian Federation cedes territory to a foreign country, Russians living in affected territory are given a choice between retaining Russian citizenship or acquiring citizenship of the new controlling state.
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