18 Facts About Ruthenium

Ruthenium is a chemical element with the symbol Ru and atomic number 44.

Ruthenium is usually found as a minor component of platinum ores; the annual production has risen from about 19 tonnes in 2009 to some 35.

Ruthenium is generally found in ores with the other platinum group metals in the Ural Mountains and in North and South America.

Ruthenium, a polyvalent hard white metal, is a member of the platinum group and is in group 8 of the periodic table:.

Ruthenium is the first in a downward trend in the melting and boiling points and atomization enthalpy in the 4d transition metals after the maximum seen at molybdenum, because the 4d subshell is more than half full and the electrons are contributing less to metallic bonding.

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Ruthenium has a relatively high fission product yield in nuclear fission and given that its most long lived radioisotope has a half life of "only" around a year, there are often proposals to recover ruthenium in a new kind of nuclear reprocessing from spent fuel.

Ruthenium is contained in spent nuclear fuel both as a direct fission product and as a product of neutron absorption by long-lived fission product Tc.

Ruthenium can be produced by deliberate nuclear transmutation from Tc.

Ruthenium tetroxide is reduced by cold dilute potassium hydroxide to form black potassium perruthenate, KRuO4, with ruthenium in the +7 oxidation state.

Ruthenium pentafluoride is a tetrameric dark green solid that is readily hydrolyzed, melting at 86.

Ruthenium trichloride is a well-known compound, existing in a black a-form and a dark brown ß-form: the trihydrate is red.

Ruthenium trichloride reacts with carbon monoxide to give many derivatives including RuHCl3 and Ru23 .

Ruthenium's work was never confirmed and he later withdrew his claim of discovery.

Ruthenium is seldom alloyed with metals outside the platinum group, where small quantities improve some properties.

Ruthenium is used in some advanced high-temperature single-crystal superalloys, with applications that include the turbines in jet engines.

Ruthenium is a component of mixed-metal oxide anodes used for cathodic protection of underground and submerged structures, and for electrolytic cells for such processes as generating chlorine from salt water.

Ruthenium red, [5Ru-O-Ru4-O-Ru5], is a biological stain used to stain polyanionic molecules such as pectin and nucleic acids for light microscopy and electron microscopy.

Ruthenium complexes are highly active catalysts for transfer hydrogenations .