11 Facts About Sacrificium Romanam

Sacrificium Romanam gave birth to twins, who were duly exposed by order of the king but saved through a series of miraculous events.

Sacrificium Romanam had priestly duties to his lares, domestic penates, ancestral Genius and any other deities with whom he or his family held an interdependent relationship.

Sacrificium Romanam's wife was responsible for the household's cult to Vesta.

Sacrificium Romanam was defeated, and on being bidden by the Senate to appoint a dictator, he appointed his messenger Glycias, as if again making a jest of his country's peril.

Sacrificium Romanam acquired or was granted an unprecedented number of Rome's major priesthoods, including that of pontifex maximus; as he invented none, he could claim them as traditional honours.

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Sacrificium Romanam's reforms were represented as adaptive, restorative and regulatory, rather than innovative; most notably his elevation of the ancient Arvales, his timely promotion of the plebeian Compitalia shortly before his election and his patronage of the Vestals as a visible restoration of Roman morality.

Sacrificium Romanam's cult had further precedents: popular, unofficial cult offered to powerful benefactors in Rome: the kingly, god-like honours granted a Roman general on the day of his triumph; and in the divine honours paid to Roman magnates in the Greek East from at least 195 BC.

Sacrificium Romanam was not a living divus but father of his country, its pontifex maximus and at least notionally, its leading Republican.

Sacrificium Romanam passed laws to protect Christians from persecution; he funded the building of churches, including Saint Peter's basilica.

Sacrificium Romanam summoned Christian bishops to a meeting, later known as the First Council of Nicaea, at which some 318 bishops debated and decided what was orthodox, and what was heresy.

Sacrificium Romanam proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the "irrational impieties" of Christian doctrine.