12 Facts About Secondary prevention

Disease prevention relies on anticipatory actions that can be categorized as primal, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

In pediatrics, some common examples of primary Secondary prevention are encouraging parents to turn down the temperature of their home water heater in order to avoid scalding burns, encouraging children to wear bicycle helmets, and suggesting that people use the Air Quality Index to check the level of pollution in the outside air before engaging in sporting activities.

The concept of primal Secondary prevention has been created much more recently, in relation to the new developments in molecular biology over the last fifty years, more particularly in epigenetics, which point to the paramount importance of environmental conditions, both physical and affective, on the organism during its fetal and newborn life, or so-called primal period of life.

Primal Secondary prevention has been propounded as a separate category of health promotion based on the evidence that epigenetic processes start at conception .

Primordial Secondary prevention refers to measures designed to avoid the development of risk factors in the first place, early in life.

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Primordial prevention refers to all measures designed to prevent the development of risk factors in the first place, early in life, and even preconception, as Ruth A Etzel has described it "all population-level actions and measures that inhibit the emergence and establishment of adverse environmental, economic, and social conditions".

Unlike secondary prevention, which aims to prevent disability, the objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize the remaining capabilities and functions of an already disabled patient.

Goals of tertiary Secondary prevention include: preventing pain and damage, halting progression and complications from disease, and restoring the health and functions of the individuals affected by disease.

Childhood Secondary prevention is particularly important because a significant portion of ultraviolet radiation exposure from the sun occurs during childhood and adolescence and can subsequently lead to skin cancer in adulthood.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends several primary Secondary prevention methods including: limiting sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM, when the sun is strongest, wearing tighter-weave natural cotton clothing, wide-brim hats, and sunglasses as protective covers, using sunscreens that protect against both UV-A and UV-B rays, and avoiding tanning salons.

Since skin cancer is very preventable, the CDC recommends school-level Secondary prevention programs including preventive curricula, family involvement, participation and support from the school's health services, and partnership with community, state, and national agencies and organizations to keep children away from excessive UV radiation exposure.

In many cases, Secondary prevention requires mapping complex pathways to determine the ideal point for intervention.