12 Facts About Standard Model

1.

Development of the Standard Model was driven by theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike.

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2.

The Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory for theorists, exhibiting a wide range of phenomena, including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, and non-perturbative behavior.

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3.

Term "Standard Model" was first coined by Abraham Pais and Sam Treiman in 1975, with reference to the electroweak theory with four quarks.

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4.

Standard Model includes members of several classes of elementary particles, which in turn can be distinguished by other characteristics, such as color charge.

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5.

The Standard Model explains such forces as resulting from matter particles exchanging other particles, generally referred to as force mediating particles.

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6.

Interactions between all the particles described by the Standard Model are summarized by the diagrams on the right of this section.

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7.

Higgs boson plays a unique role in the Standard Model, by explaining why the other elementary particles, except the photon and gluon, are massive.

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8.

Mathematical consistency of the Standard Model requires that any mechanism capable of generating the masses of elementary particles must become visible at energies above 1.

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9.

The construction of the Standard Model proceeds following the modern method of constructing most field theories: by first postulating a set of symmetries of the system, and then by writing down the most general renormalizable Lagrangian from its particle content that observes these symmetries.

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10.

Standard Model describes three of the four fundamental interactions in nature; only gravity remains unexplained.

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11.

Standard Model predicted the existence of the W and Z bosons, gluon, top quark and charm quark, and predicted many of their properties before these particles were observed.

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12.

Standard Model predicted the existence of the Higgs boson, which was found in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider, the final fundamental particle predicted by the Standard Model to be experimentally confirmed.

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