Stepan Makarov was a pioneer of insubmersibility theory, and developer of a Cyrillic-based semaphore alphabet.
26 Facts About Stepan Makarov
2.
Stepan Makarov served again in the Russo-Japanese War as vice-admiral and was assigned to the defense of Port Arthur, where he was hailed as a competent and aggressive commander.
3.
On 13 April 1904 Stepan Makarov led his flotilla to the aid of a destroyer that had been ambushed by the Japanese.
4.
Stepan Makarov was killed in the subsequent battle when his flagship Petropavlovsk struck a naval mine and the ship's magazine detonated.
5.
Stepan Makarov was born in Nikolaev into a family of fleet praporshchik.
6.
Stepan Makarov's family moved to Nikolayevsk na Amure on the Pacific coast of Russia in 1858, and Makarov attended school there.
7.
Between 1867 and 1876 Stepan Makarov served with the Baltic Fleet as flag captain under Admiral Andrei Popov.
8.
Stepan Makarov transferred to the Black Sea Fleet in 1876.
9.
In 1870 Stepan Makarov invented a design for a collision mat to seal holes in a ship's hull.
10.
Stepan Makarov was one of the first to adopt the idea of using flotillas of torpedo boats and had combat experience as a torpedo boat commander.
11.
From 1879 to 1880, Stepan Makarov was part of the maritime contingent during the Russian conquest of Central Asia.
12.
Stepan Makarov was promoted to captain, 1st rank, on 1 January 1881.
13.
Stepan Makarov was promoted to rear admiral in 1890, the youngest person in the history of the Russian Navy to attain such a position.
14.
From 1890 to 1894, Stepan Makarov served as Chief Inspector of Naval Ordinance, during which time he invented the "Stepan Makarov cap", an armor-piercing projectile whose design was copied by all navies.
15.
From 1894 to 1895, Stepan Makarov was commander of the Mediterranean Squadron.
16.
From 1895 to 1896, Stepan Makarov was in charge of naval training.
17.
Stepan Makarov became a vice admiral in 1896, and began to concentrate on a design for new warships, especially icebreakers needed to establish a northern sea route between Europe and East Asia.
18.
Stepan Makarov led an expedition to survey the mouths of the Ob and the Yenisei Rivers in 1897.
19.
Stepan Makarov proposed the world's first polar icebreaker, Yermak, oversaw her construction, and commanded her on her maiden voyage in 1899.
20.
In 1899, Stepan Makarov was appointed commander and military governor of Kronstadt in January 1900.
21.
In 1901, Stepan Makarov commanded Yermak on an Arctic expedition to survey the coasts of Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land.
22.
Stepan Makarov's leadership differed greatly from any other Russian naval officer during this war, offering diversity, aggression, and an ability to "inspire confidence in his subordinates".
23.
Unlike his predecessors, Stepan Makarov sought engagements with the Japanese, and kept his vessels in an order of battle in the roadstead of Port Arthur.
24.
Stepan Makarov quickly turned his force around and fled back to the safety of Port Arthur's harbour.
25.
The second Admiral Stepan Makarov was built in 1975 and remains in service as of 2015.
26.
The third one, Stepan Makarov, is an icebreaking standby vessel that was completed in 2016.