1. Tawfiq al-Hakim or Tawfik el-Hakim was an Egyptian writer.

1. Tawfiq al-Hakim or Tawfik el-Hakim was an Egyptian writer.
Tawfiq al-Hakim is one of the pioneers of the Arabic novel and drama.
Tawfiq Ismail al-Hakim was born on October 9,1898, in Ramleh city in Alexandria, Egypt, to an Egyptian father and a Turkish mother.
Tawfiq al-Hakim's mother was the daughter of a retired Turkish officer.
Tawfiq al-Hakim enrolled at the Damanhour primary school at the age of seven.
Tawfiq al-Hakim left primary school in 1915 and his father put him in a public school in the Beheira province, where Tawfiq al-Hakim finished secondary school.
However, due to the lack of proper secondary schooling in the province, Tawfiq al-Hakim moved to Cairo with his uncles to continue his studies at Muhammad Ali secondary school.
Tawfiq al-Hakim's play formed the basis of a popular Egyptian film by the same name, starring Salah Zulfikar and Ahmed Mazhar.
In 1960, Tawfiq al-Hakim was to provide further illustration of this development in technique with another play set in an earlier period of Egyptian history, Al Sultan Al-Ha'ir.
Tawfiq al-Hakim is one of the major pioneer figures in modern Arabic literature.
Tawfiq al-Hakim's wife died in 1977; his son died in 1978 in a car accident.