169 Facts About Terry Sanford

James Terry Sanford was an American lawyer and politician from North Carolina.

Terry Sanford was a strong proponent of public education and introduced several reforms and new programs in North Carolina's schools and institutions of higher education as the state's governor.

From 1970 to 1985, Terry Sanford served as the president of Duke University.

Terry Sanford served one term in the North Carolina Senate and managed W Kerr Scott's US Senate campaign in 1954 before running for governor in 1960.

Terry Sanford created the North Carolina Fund to alleviate poverty and lobbied for a major environmental research facility to be located at the Research Triangle Park.

Terry Sanford is remembered in North Carolina as the "education governor" and served as a role model for several other Southern governors.

James Terry Sanford was born on August 20,1917, in Laurinburg, North Carolina, United States.

Terry Sanford was the second of five children of Elizabeth Terry and Cecil Leroy Sanford.

Terry Sanford's father ran a hardware store while his mother worked as a teacher.

Terry Sanford worked part-time to pay for his tuition and lived at his parents' home while he studied there, but he found the instruction lacking and dropped out after one semester.

Terry Sanford worked various jobs to pay for his tuition and during his senior year he settled on majoring in political science.

Terry Sanford took an increased interest in student politics, and won a seat in the newly created student legislative council.

Terry Sanford attempted to get a commission in the Army Air Corps.

Terry Sanford was posted as a special agent in Columbus, Ohio, and St Louis.

Terry Sanford married Margaret Rose Knight, a woman he had met at UNC-Chapel Hill, on July 4,1942, and they later had two children: Terry Jr.

Terry Sanford was sent to Camp Toccoa in Georgia for training and was assigned to a medical detachment in the 501st Infantry Regiment.

Terry Sanford underwent officer training in 1943, and became a second lieutenant, and was made a platoon commander in A Company, First Battalion of the 517th Parachute Infantry Regiment.

Japan surrendered before it was done, and Terry Sanford was released from duty.

Terry Sanford re-enrolled at UNC Law School for the fall 1945 semester to finish his courses and earn his degree.

Terry Sanford graduated in 1946, and took the bar examination; he was admitted to the North Carolina State Bar in November.

Terry Sanford then decided to pursue a career as a lawyer, and wanted to establish himself as a leading figure in a community so as to pave the way for a bid to become Governor of North Carolina.

Terry Sanford decided to move to Fayetteville, which he thought was appropriately sized as a small city and not too far away from Laurinburg.

Terry Sanford served as a company commander with the rank of captain in Company K of 119th Infantry Regiment of the North Carolina Army National Guard from 1948 to 1960.

In 1949 Terry Sanford was elected president of the North Carolina Young Democratic Clubs.

Terry Sanford was friends with Smith's son and respected him, but admired Graham and was "all out" for him.

Terry Sanford wanted to improve Graham's support in Cumberland County, and approached Graham's local campaign manager to ask for a precinct he could canvass.

Terry Sanford then took a job working in the Cumberland Mills area south of Fayetteville.

In 1952 Terry Sanford ran for a seat in the 10th district in the North Carolina Senate, defeating a former legislator in the Democratic primary with 75 percent of the vote and facing no opposition in the general election.

Terry Sanford was sworn in on January 7,1953, and served one term to 1955, deciding not to run for a second term.

Terry Sanford served on the Judiciary, Education, Conservation and Development, and Finance committees, but did not get his desired seat on the Appropriations committee.

Terry Sanford shared a room with another legislator at the Sir Walter Hotel in Raleigh while the North Carolina General Assembly was in session and worked at his law firm in Fayetteville in the evenings and on weekends.

Terry Sanford mostly worked on minor legislation affecting local issues, but developed a rapport with several political journalists, who sought him for quotes on their stories about statewide affairs.

Terry Sanford temporarily left his law practice and took the job, living off of a bank loan in the interim.

Terry Sanford tried to temper Scott's abrasive public image by preparing uncontroversial speeches for him, though Scott reportedly tore many of these up before attending campaign events.

Terry Sanford wrote a speech read by Scott insisting on the candidate's support for segregated education and separate but equal schools.

Terry Sanford recruited a union member to infiltrate Lennon's campaign, and through this was able to discover that it was printing and distributing copies of the leaflets.

Terry Sanford called for a federal investigation and sent telegrams to Lennon campaign managers threatening to sue them if they distributed more leaflets.

Terry Sanford later decided against it and attempted unsuccessfully with Scott's allies to recruit a different challenger.

Terry Sanford began finding supporters and fundraising in preparation for his gubernatorial bid in 1959.

Terry Sanford focused on the improvement of education and increased economic growth during his campaign.

Lake declared that preservation of racial segregation and the state's existing social order would be the main theme of his campaign, worrying Terry Sanford, who wished to avoid race becoming a large topic of discussion in the contest.

Terry Sanford placed first with 269,463 votes, Lake placed second with 181,692 votes, and both Larkins and Seawell earned less than 20 percent of the votes.

Terry Sanford criticized Sanford as a proponent of a "spend and tax" platform and pledged to oppose the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and ensure that schools remained segregated.

Terry Sanford received Seawell's endorsement and the quiet backing of Governor Hodges.

Terry Sanford's network included former Scott supporters, Jaycees, and Young Democratic Clubs; he avoided relying on the traditional courthouse cliques.

Terry Sanford was innovative in the use of media consultants and polling data, being the first North Carolinian gubernatorial candidate to hire a pollster and prolifically use television advertisements.

Terry Sanford ran as a progressive, but tried to avoid being labeled too liberal on issues of race.

Terry Sanford attacked Gavin for contradicting himself on several occasions and for displaying a lack of familiarity with certain issues.

Terry Sanford won with 54.3 percent of the vote, approximately 131,000 votes over Gavin, but his performance was lackluster for a Democrat seeking state office at the time.

Terry Sanford remained proud of his gubernatorial victory for the rest of his life, feeling he had defeated a racist candidate and avenged Graham's loss in 1950.

Terry Sanford arranged for Bennett to assume the chairmanship of the North Carolina Democratic Party.

Terry Sanford was sworn in as Governor on January 5,1961.

Terry Sanford believed that improved statewide education would raise North Carolina's low average wages.

Terry Sanford initially had difficulty figuring out how to fund his proposal, as the state already levied comparatively high income and corporate taxes, and a luxury tax on goods such as tobacco and soft drinks was likely to upset much of the populace.

Terry Sanford promoted his plan through a series of rallies across the state, arguing that North Carolina trailed most other states with respect to education and that the exemptions elimination was more acceptable than a 1 percent tax increase on all other items.

Terry Sanford intensively lobbied state legislators, inviting them to breakfast at the Governor's Mansion and visiting them at the Sir Walter Hotel.

Terry Sanford actively challenged his critics to think of a better way to fund the education plan.

Terry Sanford's effort was ultimately successful and the General Assembly implemented his program and the taxes.

Terry Sanford was invited to numerous events around the country to speak about his education plan, and he visited thirty states.

Terry Sanford was disappointed, but he remained convinced that the tax proposal was the best way to fund his program and refused to heed calls to alter it.

In 1961 Sanford appointed a Governor's Commission on Education Beyond the High School under the leadership of Irving E Carlyle.

Terry Sanford convinced the legislature to establish the North Carolina School of the Arts to retain gifted students "in the fields of music, drama, the dance and allied performing arts, at both the high school and college levels of instruction" in their home state.

Terry Sanford thus concluded that any anti-poverty plan he created would have to address economic problems for both blacks and whites.

Terry Sanford established contact with George Esser, an academic at UNC-Chapel Hill's Institute of Government, to ask him for potential uses of Ford Foundation funds in combating poverty.

Terry Sanford's aides organized a three-day tour of North Carolina in January 1963 for Ford Foundation leaders to convince them to fund an anti-poverty project.

Terry Sanford worked to secure the support of the Z Smith Reynolds Foundation and the Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation, two smaller North Carolina philanthropic organizations, to bolster proposed grants from the Ford Foundation, and tapped the advice of John H Wheeler, leader of the black business community in Durham.

Terry Sanford invited officials from the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to come to North Carolina to work on coordinating federal efforts with the state project.

When Terry Sanford assumed the governorship, the state of racial affairs in North Carolina was essentially the same as it had been since the early 1900s.

Terry Sanford had no planned strategy or agenda for the issue.

Terry Sanford consulted black community and business leaders on civil rights issues.

Terry Sanford generally believed that the use of persuasion and appeals to decency instead of invoking the law and employing force would mollify segregationists and lead to social change.

Terry Sanford thought that the "basic goodness of people" would prevail in racial matters, and was often disappointed to encounter hostility from North Carolinians opposed to desegregation.

Terry Sanford remained conscious of the desires of the white constituency which had elected him, and in one instance wrote federal officials to request that a group of white North Carolinian army reservists be reassigned from the predominantly black army unit to which they were posted.

Terry Sanford let the matter drop after the United States Department of Defense refused to honor his request.

Journalists often wrote about Terry Sanford's actions regarding racial issues and dubbed him a leading moderate.

Terry Sanford enjoyed the media attention, but shied away from being portrayed as party to a conflict with the South's more hardline segregationist governors.

Terry Sanford visited both white and black schools and encouraged the students to pursue their education as means of securing economic prosperity in the future.

Once resolved that he had to take more action to support racial equality, Terry Sanford began making statements in favor of it.

Terry Sanford subsequently drafted a speech entitled "Observations for a Second Century" which directly called for the support of civil rights.

Terry Sanford shared his work with over 100 of his associates; most were supportive of his aims, but others feared the consequences his statement would have on the Democratic Party.

On January 18,1963, Terry Sanford delivered his address at the Carolina Inn before the North Carolina Press Association.

Terry Sanford requested that the heads of state agencies adopt nondiscriminatory hiring policies and supported a bill that reduced racial barriers in the North Carolina National Guard.

Many young black people felt Terry Sanford was not doing enough to address their concerns.

Terry Sanford arranged for their release and had them returned to the college campus.

Terry Sanford released a statement of reproach towards the ultimatum and promised municipal officials his support.

Terry Sanford hosted Farmer and McKissick at the Governor's Mansion in an attempt to broker a solution, but the situation was not resolved until a local committee reached an agreement between the demonstrators and municipal officials.

Terry Sanford later dismissed these rumors, feeling that such an action was not politically advantageous and would have damaged Kennedy's election prospects in the South.

Terry Sanford's office issued a brief statement, calling the event "overwhelming".

The assassination came at a time when Terry Sanford had been lobbying Kennedy to consider locating a large environmental research center in North Carolina.

Terry Sanford had originally wanted Lieutenant Governor Philpott to succeed him, but Philpott had unexpectedly died in August 1961.

Terry Sanford felt betrayed by civil rights leaders, since he thought that their insistence on continuing demonstrations in Chapel Hill had aggravated white resentment and damaged Preyer's electoral prospects.

Terry Sanford urged the Research Triangle Institute to study affordable housing proposals and established a commission to plan for the future of development and growth in the Piedmont Crescent region.

Terry Sanford traveled to Washington, DC to have his official portrait made and then went to New York to present Jacqueline Kennedy with North Carolina's financial contribution to the construction of the Kennedy Library.

In 1967 Terry Sanford mulled over the possibility of challenging conservative Democrat Sam Ervin for his US Senate seat, who he thought of as a "constitutional racist".

Terry Sanford ultimately decided against it after concluding that the contest would divide the Democratic Party and he would lose on account of his civil rights positions.

Terry Sanford then agreed to serve as President Johnson's campaign manager in the 1968 presidential election just before Johnson's withdrawal on March 31.

Terry Sanford attended the 1968 Democratic National Convention, and delivered the speech seconding Humphrey's nomination for the party's endorsement.

Terry Sanford was embittered by the disdain with which the delegates treated the outgoing President Johnson, and disapproved of Humphrey's choice of Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine for as his vice presidential candidate.

Terry Sanford subsequently served as chairman for the Citizens for Humphrey-Muskie Committee and in that position helped fundraise for Humphrey's campaign and encouraged the candidate to break from Johnson's views on the controversial Vietnam War.

Terry Sanford heard rumors of his consideration and, though he thought he would like the job, believed it was unlikely that it would ultimately be offered to him.

In late October 1969 the university's presidential search committee officially contacted Terry Sanford and began discussing how he would approach the job.

Terry Sanford assumed the responsibilities of the job on April 2,1970, and was officially inaugurated in a ceremony on October 17,1970.

On his first day as university president, Terry Sanford removed a cap on Jewish enrollment, allowing the number of Jewish students to significantly increase over the following years.

When Terry Sanford assumed the university's presidency he sought to improve the school's status.

Terry Sanford hired Croom Beatty, a boarding school fundraiser, as associate director for admissions and tasked him with finding children at private schools who came from wealthy backgrounds.

Terry Sanford personally recommended the consideration of applications from children of prospective donors who he had learned of from various contacts.

Terry Sanford directed baseball coach Tom Butters to spend the summer of 1970 fundraising and sought out North Carolinian alumni to ask for their financial support.

Since students were generally suspicious of campus administration when Terry Sanford assumed office, he took public actions to try and accommodate their wishes.

Terry Sanford declared his opposition to the Vietnam War to assuage student protests and was receptive to a request from antiwar students to invite a war critic to campus.

Terry Sanford encouraged the students to petition the federal government and canvas residents in Durham for their opinions on the war.

Terry Sanford sought to increase student involvement in the running of the university, and hired upperclassmen to work in his office as assistants and researchers.

Terry Sanford designated students to serve as greeters and guides for visiting dignitaries and held social meetings with incoming freshmen at his house, eventually known as "Tea with Terry".

The committee later agreed to the idea, and in late 1970 Terry Sanford recommended a student representative be designated to sit with the board.

Terry Sanford held a grudge against Carter for using race-baiting tactics to defeat his friend Carl Sanders in the Democratic primary.

In 1971 Terry Sanford recruited Joel Fleischman, one of his former aides in the governor's office, to come to Duke and establish a school for public policy.

In July 1979 Terry Sanford began a year-long sabbatical and used the time to write A Danger of Democracy, a book which proposed reforming political parties' presidential nomination processes.

In 1981 Terry Sanford entertained the idea of locating Nixon's presidential library and museum at Duke, where it could become a center of research and bolster the university's reputation.

Terry Sanford raised the subject with Nixon during a visit to the former president at Nixon's New York City office on July 28,1981, and the former president was receptive to the idea.

Discouraged, Nixon declined Terry Sanford's offer and established his library in Yorba Linda, California.

Terry Sanford originally planned to retire in 1982, but decided to stay longer to finish overseeing some developments and let the acrimony of the Nixon library debate fade.

Terry Sanford officially resigned on July 4,1985 and was replaced by H Keith H Brodie, his preferred successor.

Terry Sanford believed that Nixon would be re-elected to the United States presidency and ruled out the possibility of seeking the Democratic nomination in the 1972 presidential primary.

Terry Sanford figured that the board of trustees would solve his dilemma by forcing him to stop the petition drive.

Terry Sanford claimed to have firmly decided to contest the nomination after seeing Muskie's public reaction to the Canuck letter.

Terry Sanford felt that Wallace did not truly believe in segregation and employed race-baiting tactics as an opportunity to gain votes.

Terry Sanford stated his intention to stay on Duke's campus and campaign on the weekends to aim to get the support of 100 delegates before the Democratic convention.

Terry Sanford struggled to gain media attention, and ran on a platform of eliminating tax loopholes for rich people, establishing price controls on food, increasing Social Security payments by 25 percent, supporting equal rights for women, creating a national health insurance plan, and devolution of power from the federal government to the states.

Terry Sanford managed only a fifth-place finish with 77.5 delegate votes.

Undeterred, Terry Sanford began preparations two years later for a run for the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination.

Terry Sanford was left near bankruptcy by his abortive candidacy, though his friend Paul Vick later assisted him in managing his finances and recouping some of his wealth.

Terry Sanford thereafter refocused his time on running the university, and in 1977 he rejected President Jimmy Carter's offer to appoint him United States Ambassador to France.

In late 1985 Terry Sanford began consulting his friends on the possibility of running in the 1986 senatorial elections.

Terry Sanford won the Democratic primary with 409,394 votes, easily defeating the nine other candidates and marking the first time he had won a statewide election since 1960.

Critics of Terry Sanford primarily focused on three areas: his promotion of opportunities for minorities, "tax-and-spend" education funding, and his anti-poverty efforts.

Terry Sanford initially maintained a positive campaign, but attacked Broyhill as "no friend of education" and criticised his failure to minimize President Ronald Reagan's free trade policies which hurt the textiles industry after Broyhill released a television ad that condemned his imposition of the sales tax on food while serving as governor.

Terry Sanford was sworn in again to the full six-year term on January 6,1987.

Terry Sanford stayed in an apartment near the Capitol, and usually reported to his office by 8:00 am and worked until returning home later in the evening.

Terry Sanford usually returned to his house in Durham on the weekends.

Terry Sanford hoped to propose an alternative solution to the conflict based upon the Marshall Plan.

Terry Sanford proposed to Arias that after the war ended a multinational working group be created to plan for economic redevelopment of the region.

Arias was receptive to the idea, and soon after Terry Sanford returned to the United States he delivered his first major speech before the Senate, supporting a resolution commending Arias' initiatives to host negotiations and end the Nicaraguan civil war.

Terry Sanford repeatedly returned to Central America to tour Nicaragua and observe Arias' peace process.

Terry Sanford proposed a bill to appropriate federal funds to the commission's use, but it was not acted upon for years and was challenged by North Carolina's senior US Senator, Jesse Helms, who sought to attach statements to it calling on Central America to embrace free enterprise initiatives.

Terry Sanford found Helms' actions irksome, and though his bill finally passed the Senate in September 1991, the money it appropriated was never handed over.

Terry Sanford kept a journal during his Senate tenure, and often wrote about his irritation with the body's deference to member seniority instead of better ideas, the existence of incomprehensible legislative rules, and jurisdictional feuds between committee chairs.

Terry Sanford perceived an increase in partisanship and a diminishing willingness for compromise.

Terry Sanford has a negative attitude about everything, and it is very difficult to find anything up here that he has done that has any lasting value.

From early on in his tenure Terry Sanford was troubled by the Reagan administration's growing deficit spending and Congress' toleration of it.

Terry Sanford crafted an "Honest Budget Bill" that mandated a balanced budget, introduced taxes to increase revenue, and separated the Social Security Trust Fund from other government trusts.

Terry Sanford stated that Bork was more interested in affirming his own personal opinions that conducting proper jurisprudence, and when the nomination came to a full vote before the Senate Terry Sanford voted against it.

Gore later dropped out and Terry Sanford dutifully backed Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis, though he found Dukakis' campaign staff arrogant and uncooperative.

Terry Sanford wrote in his journal that "the lingering race prejudice does, indeed, drive a great many white people away from the Democratic Party".

On October 17,1989, Terry Sanford delivered a speech in the Senate on the issue, saying that a prohibition of flag burning diminished the right to protest and weakened the Bill of Rights.

Terry Sanford thought the speech was the best of his time in the Senate, and once he finished John Danforth, a cosponsor of the amendment, rose to say he had not thoughtfully considered the implications of the measure and would vote against it.

Terry Sanford officially announced his campaign for reelection on December 2,1991.

Terry Sanford faced no opposition in the Democratic primary, while Faircloth, enjoying substantial backing from Helms' National Congressional Club, won the Republican primary.

Terry Sanford was heavily involved in the direction of his campaign and pledged to tour all 100 North Carolina counties.

Faircloth attacked Terry Sanford as beholden to special interests and an advocate of big government and higher taxes.

Terry Sanford countered by portraying his opponent as a conservative hard-liner.

Terry Sanford was released from the hospital two weeks later, but he was noticeably thinner and the surgery had risen public doubts about his health.

Shortly after the Senate race, Terry Sanford was hired by Duke University to teach a course on state government.

Terry Sanford finished his last book, Outlive Your Enemies: Grow Old Gracefully, a narrative about aging and health, and began work on a novel about a journalist addressing major issues of the 20th century.

Terry Sanford supported several business ventures and remained in contact with various politicians, including President Clinton.

In December 1997 Terry Sanford went to Duke Medical Center after experiencing a low-grade fever for several days, fearing he had a heart infection.

Terry Sanford's funeral was held four days later at Duke Chapel, and it was attended by 17 US Senators, four former governors, 100 members of the General Assembly, and the North Carolina Council of State.

Terry Sanford was one of the key figures of the New South, a historical era of social modernization in the region.

Terry Sanford is remembered in North Carolina as the "education governor"; historians and journalists have often cited Sanford's actions as governor as the source of North Carolina's historical policy focus on reforming education.

Terry Sanford served as a role model to a number of Southern governors, including his protege Jim Hunt of North Carolina, William Winter of Mississippi, and Bill Clinton of Arkansas.

The Terry Sanford Federal Building and Courthouse in Raleigh was named in honor of Sanford in 1999.