22 Facts About Thermodynamic equilibrium

Systems in mutual thermodynamic equilibrium are simultaneously in mutual thermal, mechanical, chemical, and radiative equilibria.

In systems that are at a state of non-Thermodynamic equilibrium there are, by contrast, net flows of matter or energy.

The state of a system at thermodynamic equilibrium is the one for which some thermodynamic potential is minimized, or for which the entropy is maximized, for specified conditions.

Thermodynamic equilibrium is the unique stable stationary state that is approached or eventually reached as the system interacts with its surroundings over a long time.

Thermodynamic equilibrium observes that thermonuclear processes often occur so slowly that they can be ignored in thermodynamics.

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Thermodynamic equilibrium is a primitive notion of the theory of thermodynamics.

Textbook definitions of thermodynamic equilibrium are often stated carefully, with some reservation or other.

Thermodynamic equilibrium discusses the second proviso by giving an account of a mixture oxygen and hydrogen at room temperature in the absence of a catalyst.

Munster points out that a thermodynamic equilibrium state is described by fewer macroscopic variables than is any other state of a given system.

Thermodynamic equilibrium considers an arbitrary system with time invariant properties.

Thermodynamic equilibrium's system is closed with respect to transfer of matter.

Each contact Thermodynamic equilibrium defines an intensive parameter; for example, a wall permeable only to heat defines an empirical temperature.

Thermodynamic equilibrium then writes: "When the conditions for all three types of equilibrium are satisfied, the system is said to be in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium".

Thermodynamic equilibrium uses the phrase "thermal equilibrium" while discussing transfer of energy as heat between a body and a heat reservoir in its surroundings, though not explicitly defining a special term 'thermal equilibrium'.

Thermodynamic equilibrium defines the term "thermal equilibrium" for a system "when its observables have ceased to change over time".

Such Thermodynamic equilibrium inhomogeneity, induced by external forces, does not occur for the intensive variable temperature.

For example, in many cases of such evolution, internal mechanical equilibrium is established much more rapidly than the other aspects of the eventual thermodynamic equilibrium.

Thermodynamic equilibrium considers two systems in thermal contact, one a thermometer, the other a system in which there are several occurring irreversible processes, entailing non-zero fluxes; the two systems are separated by a wall permeable only to heat.

Thermodynamic equilibrium considers the case in which, over the time scale of interest, it happens that both the thermometer reading and the irreversible processes are steady.

Thermal Thermodynamic equilibrium is achieved when two systems in thermal contact with each other cease to have a net exchange of energy.

Thermal Thermodynamic equilibrium occurs when a system's macroscopic thermal observables have ceased to change with time.

System's internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium should be distinguished from a "stationary state" in which thermodynamic parameters are unchanging in time but the system is not isolated, so that there are, into and out of the system, non-zero macroscopic fluxes which are constant in time.