15 Facts About Thermodynamic system

An isolated thermodynamic system has walls that are non-conductive of heat and perfectly reflective of all radiation, that are rigid and immovable, and that are impermeable to all forms of matter and all forces.

An open thermodynamic system has at least one wall that separates it from another thermodynamic system, which for this purpose is counted as part of the surroundings of the open system, the wall being permeable to at least one chemical substance, as well as to radiation; such a wall, when the open system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, does not sustain a temperature difference across itself.

Thermodynamic system is subject to external interventions called thermodynamic operations; these alter the system's walls or its surroundings; as a result, the system undergoes transient thermodynamic processes according to the principles of thermodynamics.

In equilibrium thermodynamics, the state of a thermodynamic system is a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, as opposed to a non-equilibrium state.

Thermodynamic system equilibrium is characterized by absence of flow of mass or energy.

Equilibrium Thermodynamic system states are much easier to describe in a deterministic manner than non-equilibrium states.

The space outside the thermodynamic system is known as the surroundings, a reservoir, or the environment.

Walls of a closed Thermodynamic system allow transfer of energy as heat and as work, but not of matter, between it and its surroundings.

Anything that passes across the boundary and effects a change in the contents of the Thermodynamic system must be accounted for in an appropriate balance equation.

The Thermodynamic system always contains the same amount of matter, but heat and work can be exchanged across the boundary of the Thermodynamic system.

An isolated Thermodynamic system is more restrictive than a closed Thermodynamic system as it does not interact with its surroundings in any way.

The concept of an isolated Thermodynamic system can serve as a useful model approximating many real-world situations.

An open Thermodynamic system has one or several walls that allow transfer of matter.

The equilibrium state is considered to be stable and the main property of the internal variables, as measures of non-equilibrium of the Thermodynamic system, is their trending to disappear; the local law of disappearing can be written as relaxation equation for each internal variable.

Stationary states of the Thermodynamic system exists due to exchange of both thermal energy and a stream of particles.