12 Facts About Transfer RNA

1.

Transfer RNA is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.

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2.

Structure of tTransfer RNA can be decomposed into its primary structure, its secondary structure, and its tertiary structure .

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3.

Each tTransfer RNA has a distinct anticodon triplet sequence that can form 3 complementary base pairs to one or more codons for an amino acid.

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4.

Per cell, 61 tTransfer RNA types are required to provide one-to-one correspondence between tTransfer RNA molecules and codons that specify amino acids, as there are 61 sense codons of the standard genetic code.

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5.

Each tTransfer RNA is aminoacylated with a specific amino acid by an aminoacyl tTransfer RNA synthetase.

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6.

The mTransfer RNA decoding site is where the mTransfer RNA codon is read out during translation.

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7.

The phenomenon of multiple nuclear copies of mitochondrial tTransfer RNA has been observed in many higher organisms from human to the opossum suggesting the possibility that the lookalikes are functional.

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8.

Genomic tTransfer RNA content is a differentiating feature of genomes among biological domains of life: Archaea present the simplest situation in terms of genomic tTransfer RNA content with a uniform number of gene copies, Bacteria have an intermediate situation and Eukarya present the most complex situation.

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9.

The precursor tTransfer RNA can be cleaved to produce molecules from the 5' leader or 3' trail sequences.

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10.

Eukaryotic pre-tTransfer RNA contains bulge-helix-bulge structure motif that is important for recognition and precise splicing of tTransfer RNA intron by endonucleases.

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11.

Nonetheless, In March 2021, researchers reported evidence suggesting that a preliminary form of transfer RNA could have been a replicator molecule in the very early development of life, or abiogenesis.

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12.

Existence of tTransfer RNA was first hypothesized by Francis Crick as the "adaptor hypothesis" based on the assumption that there must exist an adapter molecule capable of mediating the translation of the Transfer RNA alphabet into the protein alphabet.

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