16 Facts About Transmission lines

However, the theory of transmission lines was historically developed to explain phenomena on very long telegraph lines, especially submarine telegraph cables.

Transmission lines are used for purposes such as connecting radio transmitters and receivers with their antennas, distributing cable television signals, trunklines routing calls between telephone switching centres, computer network connections and high speed computer data buses.

Transmission lines use specialized construction, and impedance matching, to carry electromagnetic signals with minimal reflections and power losses.

The distinguishing feature of most transmission lines is that they have uniform cross sectional dimensions along their length, giving them a uniform impedance, called the characteristic impedance, to prevent reflections.

Transmission lines become necessary when the transmitted frequency's wavelength is sufficiently short that the length of the cable becomes a significant part of a wavelength.

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At microwave frequencies and above, power losses in transmission lines become excessive, and waveguides are used instead, which function as "pipes" to confine and guide the electromagnetic waves.

Mathematical analysis of the behaviour of electrical transmission lines grew out of the work of James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin, and Oliver Heaviside.

High-frequency transmission lines can be defined as those designed to carry electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths are shorter than or comparable to the length of the line.

Transmission lines line model is an example of the distributed-element model.

The physical significance of this is that electromagnetic waves propagate down transmission lines and in general, there is a reflected component that interferes with the original signal.

Since most transmission lines have a reflected wave, the characteristic impedance is generally not the impedance that is measured on the line.

Planar transmission lines are transmission lines with conductors, or in some cases dielectric strips, that are flat, ribbon-shaped lines.

Lecher Transmission lines are a form of parallel conductor that can be used at UHF for creating resonant circuits.

Unbalanced lines were formerly much used for telegraph transmission, but this form of communication has now fallen into disuse.

Electrical transmission lines are very widely used to transmit high frequency signals over long or short distances with minimum power loss.

Large variety of circuits can be constructed with transmission lines including impedance matching circuits, filters, power dividers and directional couplers.