35 Facts About Tufa Rutan

In 398, Tufa Rutan Wugu sent him to assist the Later Liang rebels Yang Gui and Guo Nen.

In spring 399, after Tufa Wugu moved the capital from Lianchuan to Ledu in a major realignment of his military strengths, Tufa Rutan was put in charge of the important city of Xiping, and by this time, he was referred to by the title of Duke of Guangwu, a title that Tufa Wugu himself had carried earlier.

In summer 399, Tufa Rutan Wugu recalled him to Ledu to head his government, while replacing him at Xiping with Tufa Rutan Lilugu.

Later in 399, Tufa Rutan Wugu suffered a serious injury while horseriding when drunk, and, because his last words were that the state should be entrusted to someone old, was succeeded by Tufa Rutan Lilugu.

Tufa Rutan Lilugu entrusted all important governmental matters to him and effectively designated him as the next prince.

In 400, when the Later Liang emperor Lu Zuan attacked Northern Liang, Tufa Rutan launched a raid at the Later Liang capital Guzang, entering the city and, while not staying permanently in the city, held a feast in the city and forced 8,000 households to relocate back to Southern Liang with him.

Tufa Rutan, impressed by Jiang's talent, befriended him and spent much time with him, despite Tufa Lilugu's distrust of Jiang.

Tufa Rutan initially was angry and wanted to attack Jiao instead, but at the suggestion of his brother Tufa Juyan reconciled with Jiao and jointly attacked Guzang and, while not capturing the city at the time, dealt the Later Liang general Lu Chao a major defeat.

Later that year when Later Liang was attacked by Northern Liang's prince Juqu Mengxun, Tufa Rutan came to Later Liang's aid.

Tufa Rutan soon arrested Jiao and delivered him to Tufa Lilugu as well.

Tufa Rutan accepted, and moved the capital from Xiping back to Ledu.

Tufa Rutan did not relent in his military pressure against Later Liang, and his attacks against Later Liang continued to have a destabilizing effect on Later Liang.

Tufa Rutan nominally agreed to be a Later Qin vassal, and was created the Duke of Guangwu, although he continued to internally use the title Prince of Hexi, which Tufa Lilugu used.

Tufa Rutan delivered Qifu Chipan's wife and children to him.

Tufa Rutan stopped using his own princely title, and used only the Later Qin-created title of Duke of Guangwu.

Tufa Rutan made a request to Yao Xing that he be allowed to have Guzang, but Yao Xing refused.

Later that year, Tufa Rutan moved his capital from Ledu to Guzang.

Tufa Rutan entered into an alliance with Western Liang's duke Li Gao, aimed against Northern Liang.

Tufa Rutan refused, and in anger Liu Bobo launched a punitive raid against Southern Liang but then retreated.

Tufa Rutan gave chase and, believing that he greatly outpowered Liu Bobo, was careless in his military actions.

In fear, Tufa Rutan ordered that all of the people within 150 kilometers of Guzang be moved into the capital, which immediately led to mass panic and a rebellion by the Chuge chief Cheng Qi'er.

Only when the Later Qin forces reached Guzang's vicinity did Tufa Rutan realize what the purpose of the campaign was, and he defended the city against Yao Bi.

When Yao Xing sent Yao Xian the Duke of Changshan to aid Yao Bi, Tufa Rutan defeated him as well, and Yao Xian, in fear, blamed Lian for the entire campaign and apologized to Tufa Rutan, and then withdrew with Yao Bi.

Tufa Rutan sent a messenger to Chang'an to request forgiveness.

In winter 408, Tufa Rutan again declared independence, and claimed the title of Prince of Liang, in light of Later Qin's defeats at his own hands and at the hands of Liu Bobo.

Tufa Rutan created his wife Lady Zhejue princess, and his son Tufa Hutai crown prince.

Tufa Rutan attacked Northern Liang and forced 1,000 households to move to his state.

When Tufa Rutan himself followed with a larger force, Juqu Mengxun defeated him as well, and then advanced on Guzang and put it under siege.

The residents of Guzang, remembering the massacre that Tufa Rutan carried out during Wang Zhong's rebellion, panicked, and a large number surrendered to Juqu Mengxun.

The general Jiao Lang quickly rebelled and held Guzang, although Juqu Mengxun conquered it in 411, and then advanced on Ledu, sieging it for more than a month before Tufa Rutan submitted by sending his son Tufa Anzhou to Juqu Mengxun as a hostage.

In 413, Tufa Rutan launched yet another campaign against Northern Liang, and was again defeated.

Tufa Rutan was forced to send his brother Tufa Juyan to Northern Liang as a hostage.

Tufa Rutan Hutai panicked, and forced the Han in the city into the inner citadel because he distrusted them, greatly weakening his own defense force, and Ledu fell.

Tufa Rutan informed his troops that his plans were then to attack the Tuoqihan tribe, and then use the proceeds from the pillaging to ransom the people of Ledu from Western Qin.

Tufa Rutan was forced to surrender to Western Qin as well.