21 Facts About Abbasid Caliphate

Abbasid Caliphate was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon.

Abbasid Caliphate period was marked by dependence on Persian bureaucrats for governing the territories as well as an increasing inclusion of non-Arab Muslims in the ummah (Muslim community).

Abbasid Caliphate caliphs were Arabs descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, one of the youngest uncles of Muhammad and of the same Banu Hashim clan.

Abbasid Caliphate leadership had to work hard in the last half of the 8th century under several competent caliphs and their viziers to usher in the administrative changes needed to keep order of the political challenges created by the far-flung nature of the empire, and the limited communication across it.

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Abbasid Caliphate strengthened his personal army with Turkish mercenaries and promptly restarted the war with the Byzantines.

Abbasid Caliphate brought parts of Egypt, Syria, and Khorasan back into Abbasid control.

Abbasid Caliphate is thus considered to be the father of algebra by some, although the Greek mathematician Diophantus has been given this title.

The Abbasid Caliphate architecture was particularly influenced by Sasanian architecture, which in turn featured elements present since ancient Mesopotamia.

Whereas painting and architecture were not areas of strength for the Abbasid Caliphate dynasty, pottery was a different story.

Abbasid Caliphate sailors were responsible for reintroducing large three masted merchant vessels to the Mediterranean.

Engineers in the Abbasid caliphate made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power, wind power, and petroleum.

Abbasid Caliphate engineers developed machines incorporating crankshafts, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and used dams to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines.

In contrast to the earlier era, women in Abbasid Caliphate society were absent from all arenas of the community's central affairs.

Each wife in the Abbasid Caliphate harem had an additional home or flat, with her own enslaved personals staff of eunuchs and maidservants.

Some Muslims in the Abbasid Caliphate took offense to the idea that there were dhimmis in public offices who were in a way ruling over them although it was an Islamic state, while other Muslims were at time jealous of some dhimmis for having a level of wealth or prestige greater than other Muslims, even if Muslims were still the majority of the ruling class.

The Abbasid Caliphate army was centred on the Khurasan Abna al-dawla infantry and the Khurasaniyya heavy cavalry, led by their own semi-autonomous commanders who recruited and deployed their own men with Abbasid Caliphate resource grants.

Abbasid Caliphate army amassed an array of siege equipment, such as catapults, mangonels, battering rams, ladders, grappling irons, and hooks.

The Abbasid authority began to deteriorate during the reign of al-Radi when their Turkic Army generals, who already had de facto independence, stopped paying the caliphate.

Abbasid Caliphate had a son named Salih who would grow to become an "able jurist" and a "very devout man".

Abbasid Caliphate authored the book Tarikh-e Jahangiriyeh va Baniabbassian-e Bastak, in which is recounted the history of the region and the Abbasid family that ruled it.