21 Facts About Arabic science

Medieval Islamic Arabic science had practical purposes as well as the goal of understanding.

Islamic Arabic science survived the initial Christian reconquest of Spain, including the fall of Seville in 1248, as work continued in the eastern centres.

Arabic science contributed to the Tables of Toledo, used by astronomers to predict the movements of the sun, moon and planets across the sky.

Arabic science constructed a water clock in Toledo, discovered that the Sun's apogee moves slowly relative to the fixed stars, and obtained a good estimate of its motion for its rate of change.

Arabic science developed trigonometry as a separate field, and compiled the most accurate astronomical tables available up to that time.

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Arabic science wrote the Tabula Rogeriana, a geographic study of the peoples, climates, resources and industries of the whole of the world known at that time.

Arabic science made use of maps from Greece, Portugal, Muslim sources, and perhaps one made by Christopher Columbus.

Arabic science represented a part of a major tradition of Ottoman cartography.

Arabic science was the first to treat algebra as an independent discipline in its own right, and presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations.

Arabic science has been credited with the invention of decimal fractions, and with a method like Horner's to calculate roots.

Arabic science wrote a 23-volume compendium of Chinese, Indian, Persian, Syriac and Greek medicine.

Arabic science challenged Galen's work on several fronts, including the treatment of bloodletting, arguing that it was effective.

Arabic science wrote commentaries on Galen and on Avicenna's works.

Arabic science used the law to produce the first Aspheric lenses that focused light without geometric aberrations.

Arabic science suggested that light was reflected from different surfaces in different directions, thus causing objects to look different.

Arabic science argued further that the mathematics of reflection and refraction needed to be consistent with the anatomy of the eye.

Arabic science was an early proponent of the scientific method, the concept that a hypothesis must be proved by experiments based on confirmable procedures or mathematical evidence, five centuries before Renaissance scientists.

Arabic science distinguished between sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and drew attention to the poisonous nature of copper compounds, especially copper vitriol, and of lead compounds.

Arabic science devoted a whole volume to simples in The Canon of Medicine.

Arabic science argued instead that an object acquires an inclination to move when it has a motive power impressed on it.

Arabic science claimed that a projectile in a vacuum would not stop unless it is acted upon.