15 Facts About Baha al-Dawla

Sharaf Baha al-Dawla shortly betrayed Samsam Baha al-Dawla, conquered Iraq, and had him imprisoned in a fortress.

Samsam al-Dawla, who managed to flee from prison, prevented Baha' al-Dawla from gaining all of Sharaf al-Dawla's possessions by taking control of Fars, Kerman and Khuzestan.

Samsam al-Dawla recognized Baha' al-Dawla as the ruler of Iraq and Khuzestan, while he himself kept Arrajan, Fars and Kerman.

In 990, Baha' al-Dawla appointed Sabur ibn Ardashir as his vizier.

In 991 Baha' al-Dawla attempted to gain supremacy over Samsam al-Dawla's realm.

Baha al-Dawla took the ancient Persian title of Shahanshah and invaded the latter's territory.

Baha al-Dawla's forces were defeated and Samsam al-Dawla regained Khuzestan and even gained control of the Buyid territories in Oman.

Baha al-Dawla then recognized Fakhr al-Dawla as senior amir, submitting to his authority.

Baha al-Dawla gained the support of the Hasanwayhid ruler Badr ibn Hasanwayh and prepared for the expedition.

Baha' al-Dawla then took Shiraz, defeated 'Izz al-Dawla's sons, and was joined by the Dailamites of Fars under Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz.

Baha al-Dawla managed to gain indirect control over northern Iran, where Fakr al-Dawla's two sons Majd al-Dawla and Shams al-Dawla recognized him as senior amir by 1009 or 1010.

In 1001, Baha' al-Dawla appointed Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz as the governor of Ahvaz, and one year later, appointed him as the governor of Iraq, where he kept order by solving disputes between different religious sects, and by defeating bandits who had caused chaos in the region.

Baha al-Dawla managed to defeat the former governor of Iraq, Abu Ja'far al-Hajjaj, who was supported by Kurds and Shayban Arabs.

In 1007, Baha' al-Dawla made peace with the Al-Mazeedi ruler Ali ibn Mazyad, who was given the honorific title of "Sanad al-Dawla", and agreed to become a vassal of Baha' al-Dawla in return for recognition of his rule.

For various reasons, Baha' al-Dawla did not actively defend the borders.