Baibars was one of the commanders of the Egyptian forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,361 |
Baibars was one of the commanders of the Egyptian forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,361 |
Baibars led the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and is considered a turning point in history.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,362 |
Baibars managed to pave the way for the end of the Crusader presence in the Levant and reinforced the union of Egypt and Syria as the region's pre-eminent Muslim state, able to fend off threats from both Crusaders and Mongols, and even managed to subdue the kingdom of Makuria, which was famous for being unconquerable by previous Muslim empire invasion attempts.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,363 |
Baibars was a Kipchak thought to be born in the Dasht-i Kipchak - between the Edil and Yaiyk rivers - while other sources specify this as in the Kazakhstan,.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,364 |
Baibars was still a commander under sultan Qutuz at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, when he decisively defeated the Mongols.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,365 |
Baibars manage to suppress the rebellion quickly as he surrounded and arrested them all.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,366 |
Baibars next attacked Athlith and Haifa, where he captured both towns after destroying the crusaders' resistance, and razed the citadels.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,369 |
Baibars promised the knights safe passage to the Christian town of Acre if they surrendered their fortress.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,370 |
On capturing Safed, Baibars did not raze the fortress to the ground but fortified and repaired it instead, as it was strategically situated and well constructed.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,371 |
Later, in 1266, Baibars invaded the Christian country of Cilician Armenia which, under King Hethum I, had submitted to the Mongol Empire.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,373 |
However, Baibars was pragmatic in his approach and did not want to become involved in complicated intrigue inside the Golden Horde, so instead he stayed close to both Mengu Timur and Noqai.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,374 |
Baibars defeated a Mongol army at the Battle of Elbistan and captured the city of Kayseri.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,376 |
Baibars himself went with a few troops to deal with the Mongol right flank that was pounding his left wing.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,377 |
Baibars ordered a force from the army from Hama to reinforce his left.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,378 |
Baibars chastised him for not aiding him during the Battle of Elbistan.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,379 |
Baibars sent Taybars al-Waziri with a force to raid the Armenian town of al-Rummana, whose inhabitants had hidden the Mongols earlier.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,381 |
Baibars's demise has been the subject of some academic speculation.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,382 |
Baibars was the daughter of Barka Khan, a former Khwarazmian amir.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,383 |
Baibars had seven daughters; one of them was named Tidhkarbay Khatun.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,384 |
Baibars developed strong ties with the Mongols of the Golden Horde and took steps for the Golden Horde Mongols to travel to Egypt.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,387 |
Baibars was a popular ruler in the Muslim world who had defeated the crusaders in three campaigns, and the Mongols in the Battle of Ain Jalut which many scholars deem of great macro-historical importance.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,388 |
Baibars was arguably the first to employ explosive hand cannons in war, at the Battle of Ain Jalut.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,389 |
Baibars built bridges, irrigation and shipping canals, improved the harbours, and built mosques.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,391 |
Baibars was a patron of Islamic science, such as his support for the medical research of his Arab physician, Ibn al-Nafis.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,392 |
Baibars's memoirs were recorded in Sirat al-Zahir Baibars, a popular Arabic romance recording his battles and achievements.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,393 |
Baibars has a heroic status in Kazakhstan, as well as in Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria.
FactSnippet No. 1,552,394 |