37 Facts About Barbara Smith

Barbara Smith was born on November 16,1946 and is an American lesbian feminist and socialist who has played a significant role in Black feminism in the United States.

Barbara Smith has taught at numerous colleges and universities for 25 years.

Barbara Smith has a twin sister, Beverly Smith, who is a lesbian feminist activist and writer.

Barbara Smith and her fraternal twin sister, Beverly, were born on November 16,1946, in Cleveland, Ohio, to Hilda Beall Smith.

Barbara Smith's family were all active readers who emphasized education, inside and outside of school.

For most of her life, Barbara had little knowledge of her father, Gartrell Smith, who split with Hilda before the twins were born.

Barbara Smith never met her father or saw pictures of him.

Barbara Smith describes her identity as that of a southern woman and credits her family's experience with intense racial trauma in Georgia as a catalyst for her activism.

In high school, Barbara Smith excelled in honors and AP classes and scored very high on the PSAT.

Barbara Smith returned to Mount Holyoke for her senior year and graduated in 1969.

In 1981, Barbara Smith completed all but the dissertation for her doctoral studies at the University of Connecticut.

Barbara Smith describes the murder of Bruce Klunder, an activist and minister, as a catalytic force behind her involvement with the Cleveland movement.

Barbara Smith attended several speeches by Martin Luther King Jr.

In 1965, Barbara Smith matriculated at Mount Holyoke College, where she was one of the few Black students.

Barbara Smith quickly became involved with the Civil Actions Group, which, among other issues, was involved in organizing against the Vietnam War.

Barbara Smith settled in Boston after receiving an MA in literature from the University of Pittsburgh.

Magazine allowed Beverly to obtain critical contacts, and through the publication, Barbara Smith met Margaret Sloan, a founder of the NBFO.

In 1975, with Beverly and Demita Frazier, a Chicago activist, Barbara Smith established a Boston NBFO chapter.

An enthusiast of American literature and writing, Barbara Smith pursued English study throughout her education.

Barbara Smith pursued graduate study in literature in an attempt to seek out female writers of color, but came to terms with the fact that the American literary canon did not include Black women.

Barbara Smith began doing so at Emerson College in 1973.

Barbara Smith has said that Kitchen Table's legacy lies in contemporary publishing, as women of color writers such as Walker and Toni Morrison have entered the American literary canon, as well as influencing feminist studies to incorporate intersectionality as a lens of inquiry.

Barbara Smith continued to write and produced a collection of her essays, articles, and reviews after her involvement in Kitchen Table ended.

Barbara Smith has since collected her various writings in the anthology The Truth That Never Hurts: Writings on Race, Gender, and Freedom.

Barbara Smith argued that feminist movements must recognize the complex identities of marginalized women to be truly inclusive.

Barbara Smith was critical of second-wave feminism for often neglecting and sometimes intentionally excluding Black women's experiences.

Barbara Smith claimed that if feminism did not include all women it was not feminism so much as "female self-aggrandizement".

In conjunction with her work on identity politics, Barbara Smith created Black feminist criticism.

Barbara Smith's influence extended into the development of multiracial feminism, a framework that reshaped second-wave feminism to address the needs of women from diverse racial and class backgrounds.

Thompson argues that Barbara Smith was among the key theorists who expanded feminist discourse by emphasizing the critical role of class in understanding gender oppression.

Barbara Smith's work highlighted how economic conditions intersected with race and gender to shape women's lived experiences, particularly those of Black women and other women of color.

Barbara Smith was the first scholar to identify a Black lesbian feminist body of literature, although she separated lesbianism from a political identity.

Since then, Barbara Smith has preferred multi-issue LGBT activism that addresses the oppression faced those who are most marginalized in society.

Barbara Smith extended her feminist activism to global issues, particularly the impact of nuclear warfare on marginalized communities.

Barbara Smith advocated for a feminist response that addressed nuclear threat through an intersectional perspective, linking it to other forms of oppression like racism, economic disparity, and gender-based violence.

Barbara Smith's approach emphasized collective action across social justice movements, viewing feminist critique as a tool to confront global systems of power.

Barbara Smith worked during this period with David Kaczynski at New Yorkers for Alternatives to the Death Penalty on innovative solutions to violent crime.