52 Facts About Bertha Pappenheim

Bertha Pappenheim was an Austrian-Jewish feminist, a social pioneer, and the founder of the Jewish Women's Association.

Bertha Pappenheim was born on 27 February 1859 in Vienna, the third daughter of Recha Pappenheim and Sigmund Pappenheim.

Bertha Pappenheim was raised in the style of a well-bred young lady of good class.

Bertha Pappenheim attended a Roman Catholic girls' school and led a life structured by the Jewish holiday calendar and summer vacations in Ischl.

Bertha Pappenheim left school when she was sixteen, devoted herself to needlework and helped her mother with the kosher preparation of their food.

Between 1880 and 1882, Bertha Pappenheim was treated for a variety of symptoms that began when her father suddenly fell seriously ill in mid-1880 during a family holiday in Ischl.

Bertha Pappenheim's illness was a turning point in her life.

Bertha Pappenheim encouraged her, sometimes under light hypnosis, to narrate stories, which led to partial improvement of the clinical picture, although her overall condition continued to deteriorate.

Bertha Pappenheim returned to this sanatorium several times over the course of the following years.

Bertha Pappenheim was treated by Breuer for severe cough, paralysis of the extremities on the right side of her body, and disturbances of vision, hearing, and speech, as well as hallucination and loss of consciousness.

Medical historian Elizabeth Marianne Thornton suggested in Freud and Cocaine that Bertha Pappenheim had tuberculous meningitis, a view supported by professor of psychology Hans Eysenck, but not by neuropsychiatrist and professor of neurology Richard Restak who describes the theory as "simply preposterous" since the mortality rate for tuberculous meningitis at the time was virtually 100 percent and those who survived were severely disabled.

Bertha Pappenheim had two completely separate states of consciousness which alternated quite often and suddenly, and in the course of her illness became more and more distinct.

Bertha Pappenheim noted that when in one condition she could not remember events or situations that had occurred in the other condition.

Bertha Pappenheim spent 1,000 hours with his patient over the course of two years.

The first possible account is that this therapy came to a conclusion when they had worked their way back to a black snake hallucination which Bertha Pappenheim experienced one night in Ischl when she was at her father's sickbed.

Bertha Pappenheim would have no more to do with her.

One of the most discussed aspects of the case of Ana O is the phenomenon of transference, in which the patient, Bertha Pappenheim, developed ambiguous feelings toward her doctor, Josef Breuer.

Bertha Pappenheim took flight in conventional horror and passed on the patient to a colleague.

Bertha Pappenheim struggled for months in a sanatorium to regain her health.

Bertha Pappenheim confirmed my analysis, which she later relayed to me.

In contrast, Lucy Freeman reports that Bertha Pappenheim made a remarkable recovery following her treatment.

How Bertha Pappenheim herself assessed the success of her treatment is not documented.

Bertha Pappenheim gave private lessons, and organized "ladies' literature courses".

Bertha Pappenheim read aloud to her some of the stories she had written, and her cousin, 14 years her senior, encouraged her to continue her literary activities.

Bertha Pappenheim never discussed Breuer's treatment or Freud's later work, but opposed any attempts at psychoanalytic treatment of people in her care.

Bertha Pappenheim's publications began in 1888 and were initially anonymous; they appeared from 1890 under the pseudonym Paul Berthold, and she began publishing under her own name in 1902, firstly in the journal.

Bertha Pappenheim's cousin, Louise, informed her that not only did no such organization exist, but it was an issue the Jewish population wished not to acknowledge.

Bertha Pappenheim entreated several Rabbis to address the issue of Jewish men in Turkey and Frankfurt heavily involved in the trafficking of Jewish girls and women.

Bertha Pappenheim was a participant and later contributed to the establishment of a local ADF group.

Between 1914 and 1924, Bertha Pappenheim was on the board of the BDF.

Bertha Pappenheim criticized how women were perceived in Judaism, and as a member of the German feminist movement she demanded that the ideal of equal rights for women be realized within Jewish institutions.

Bertha Pappenheim was particularly concerned about education and job equality.

In 1917 Bertha Pappenheim called for "an end to the splintering of Jewish welfare work," which helped lead to the founding of the, which continues to exist today.

Bertha Pappenheim resigned in 1934 because she could not abandon her negative attitude to Zionism, despite the existential threat for Jews in Germany, while in the JFP, as among German Jews in general, Zionism was increasingly endorsed after 1933.

Bertha Pappenheim rejected the emigration of children and youths to Palestine while their parents remained in Germany.

Bertha Pappenheim was the founder or initiator of many institutions, including kindergartens, community homes and educational institutions.

Bertha Pappenheim considered her life's work to be the Neu-Isenburg home for Jewish girls.

Louise Goldschmidt, a relative of Bertha Pappenheim's mother, made available a pair of semi-detached houses where a girl's home could be established in Neu-Isenburg near Frankfurt am Main with all its clinics and social institutions.

Bertha Pappenheim published her first works anonymously, and later under the pseudonym Paul Berthold, a common practice among women writers of that time.

Bertha Pappenheim derived the pseudonym by modifying her first name Bertha to a surname, Berthold, and using the initial of her surname, P, as the first letter of the first name, Paul.

Bertha Pappenheim dealt exclusively with texts written by women or for women.

Bertha Pappenheim described the purpose of her translations in the foreword to the memoirs of Glikl:.

Bertha Pappenheim had Leopold Pilichowski make a portrait of her as Glikl.

Women who influenced Bertha Pappenheim were Gluckel of Hameln, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Helene Lange.

Bertha Pappenheim refused to appear at the hearing because of poor health.

Bertha Pappenheim died on 28 May 1936, cared for until the end by her friend Karminski, and was buried next to her mother in the Jewish cemetery in Frankfurt.

In 1954 a German postage stamp with a portrait of Bertha Pappenheim was issued in the series "Benefactors of Mankind" in recognition of her services.

Josef Breuer's treatment of Pappenheim is portrayed in When Nietzsche wept by Irvin D Yalom.

Bertha Pappenheim's treatment is regarded as marking the beginning of psychoanalysis.

Free association came into being after Bertha Pappenheim decided to end her hypnosis sessions and merely talk to Breuer, saying anything that came into her mind.

Bertha Pappenheim called this method of communication "chimney sweeping" and "talking cure" and this served as the beginning of free association.

Bertha Pappenheim is presented as the first case in which it was possible to "thoroughly investigate" hysteria and cause its symptoms to disappear.