23 Facts About Caffeine

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class.

Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are consumed globally in high volumes.

Caffeine is an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures and even encouraged in others, particularly in the Western world.

Caffeine citrate is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

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Caffeine is classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe.

Caffeine improves athletic performance in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Caffeine improves power output and reduces time to completion in aerobic time trials, an effect positively associated with longer duration exercise.

Caffeine is a substrate for CYP1A2, and interacts with many substances through this and other mechanisms.

Caffeine is an antagonist of adenosine A2A receptors, and knockout mouse studies have specifically implicated antagonism of the A2A receptor as responsible for the wakefulness-promoting effects of caffeine.

Caffeine is an antagonist of all four adenosine receptor subtypes, although with varying potencies.

Caffeine is both water- and lipid-soluble, it readily crosses the blood–brain barrier that separates the bloodstream from the interior of the brain.

Caffeine affects the cholinergic system where it is a moderate inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.

Caffeine is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme system, in particular, by the CYP1A2 isozyme, into three dimethylxanthines, each of which has its own effects on the body:.

Caffeine can be quantified in blood, plasma, or serum to monitor therapy in neonates, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning, or facilitate a medicolegal death investigation.

Caffeine, as do other alkaloids such as cinchonine, quinine or strychnine, precipitates polyphenols and tannins.

Caffeine is a common ingredient of soft drinks, such as cola, originally prepared from kola nuts.

Alert Energy Caffeine Gum was introduced in the United States in 2013, but was voluntarily withdrawn after an announcement of an investigation by the FDA of the health effects of added caffeine in foods.

Caffeine'snnong is mentioned in Lu Yu's Cha Jing, a famous early work on the subject of tea.

Caffeine is toxic to birds and to dogs and cats, and has a pronounced adverse effect on mollusks, various insects, and spiders.

Caffeine has been found to enhance the reward memory of honey bees.

Caffeine has been used to double chromosomes in haploid wheat.

Caffeine-induced increases in performance have been observed in aerobic as well as anaerobic sports.