23 Facts About Carthaginian Empire

All remnants of Carthaginian civilization came under Roman rule by the first century AD, and Rome subsequently became the dominant Mediterranean power, paving the way for its rise as a major empire.

Carthaginian Empire is thereafter worshiped as a goddess by the people of Carthage, who are described as brave in battle but prone to the "cruel religious ceremony" of human sacrifice, even of children, whenever they seek divine relief from troubles of any kind.

Carthaginian Empire is adored by her subjects and presented with a festival of praise.

Carthaginian Empire is credited with initiating, or at least expanding, the practice of recruiting subject peoples and mercenaries, as Carthage's population was too small to secure and defend its scattered colonies.

Carthaginian Empire captured the smaller cities of Selinus and Himera—where the Carthaginians had been dealt a humiliating defeat seventy years prior—before returning triumphantly to Carthage with the spoils of war.

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Carthaginian Empire forces were admitted to the city, and a Carthaginian Empire fleet sailed into the Messanan harbor.

The wars included a dramatic Carthaginian Empire invasion led by Hannibal, which nearly brought an end to Rome.

The Roman invasion was stalled by defeats at Lake Tunis, Nepheris, and Hippagreta; even the diminished Carthaginian Empire navy managed to inflict severe losses on a Roman fleet through the use of fire ships.

At the head of the Carthaginian Empire state were two sufetes, or "judges", who held judicial and executive power.

Carthaginian Empire society consisted of many classes, including slaves, peasants, aristocrats, merchants, and various professionals.

Core of the Carthaginian Empire army was always from its own territory in Northwest Africa, namely ethnic Libyans, Numidians, and "Liby-Phoenicians", a broad label that included ethnic Phoenicians, those of mixed Punic-North African descent, and Libyans who had integrated into Phoenician culture.

Carthaginian Empire observed that the Carthaginians, at least under Hannibal, never forced any uniformity upon their disparate forces, which nonetheless had such a high degree of unity that they "never quarreled amongst themselves nor mutinied", even during difficult circumstances.

Polybius suggests that cavalry remained the force in which Carthaginian Empire citizens were most represented following the shift to mostly foreign troops after the third century BC.

The sailors and marines of the Carthaginian Empire navy were predominantly recruited from the Punic citizenry, unlike the multiethnic allied and mercenary troops of the Carthaginian Empire army.

The reputation of Carthaginian Empire sailors implies that the training of oarsmen and coxswains occurred in peacetime, giving the navy a cutting edge.

Carthaginian Empire fleets served an exploratory function, most likely for the purpose of finding new trade routes or markets.

Romans, who had little experience in naval warfare prior to the First Punic War, managed to defeat Carthage in part by reverse engineering captured Carthaginian Empire ships, aided by the recruitment of experienced Greek sailors from conquered cities, the unorthodox corvus device, and their superior numbers in marines and rowers.

The latter wrote what was essentially an encyclopedia on farming and estate management that totaled twenty-eight books; its advice was so well regarded that, following the destruction of the city, it was one of the few, if not only, Carthaginian Empire texts spared, with the Roman Senate decreeing its translation into Latin.

Circumstantial evidence suggests that Carthage developed viticulture and wine production before the fourth century BC, and exported its wines widely, as indicated by distinctive cigar-shaped Carthaginian Empire amphorae found at archaeological sites across the western Mediterranean, although the contents of these vessels have not been conclusively analysed.

Carthaginian Empire's cult was especially prominent in Punic Sicily, of which he was a protector, and which was known during Carthaginian rule as "Cape Melqart".

Carthaginian Empire studied philosophy under the Skeptic Carneades and authored over 400 works, most of which are lost.

Carthaginian Empire was highly regarded by Cicero, who based parts of his De Natura Deorum, De Divinatione and De Fato on a work of Cleitomachus he calls De Sustinendis Offensionibus ; Cleitomachus dedicates many of his writings to prominent Romans such as the poet Gaius Lucilius and the consul Lucius Marcius Censorinus, suggesting his work was known and appreciated in Rome.

Young Carthaginian by G A Henty is a boys' adventure novel told from the perspective of Malchus, a fictional teenage lieutenant of Hannibal during the Second Punic War.