16 Facts About Cel animation

Traditional animation is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand.

The scratch track used during Cel animation typically contains only the voices, any songs to which characters must sing-along, and temporary musical score tracks; the final score and sound effects are added during post-production.

Once the key Cel animation is approved, the lead animator forwards the scene on to the clean-up department, made up of the clean-up animators and the inbetweeners.

Dope sheets are created by the animators and used by the camera operator to transfer each Cel animation drawing into the number of film frames specified by the animators, whether it is 1 2 or 3 .

Current process, termed "digital ink and paint", is the same as traditional ink and paint until after the animation drawings are completed; instead of being transferred to cels, the animators' drawings are either scanned into a computer or drawn directly onto a computer monitor via graphics tablets, where they are colored and processed using one or more of a variety of software packages.

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Many filmmakers and studios did not want to shift to the digital ink-and-paint process because they felt that the digitally colored animation would look too synthetic and would lose the aesthetic appeal of the non-computerized cel for their projects.

Cel animation process was invented by Earl Hurd and John Bray in 1915.

Cel animation overlay is a cel with inanimate objects used to give the impression of a foreground when laid on top of a ready frame.

The pre-cel animation was later improved by using techniques like the slash and tear system invented by Raoul Barre; the background and the animated objects were drawn on separate papers.

In 1923, Lotte Reiniger and her Cel animation team constructed one of the first multiplane Cel animation structures, a device called a Tricktisch.

Multiplane Cel animation solved this problem by separating the moon, farmhouse, and farmland into separate planes, with the moon being farthest away from the camera.

Rotoscoping is a method of traditional Cel animation invented by Max Fleischer in 1915, in which Cel animation is "traced" over actual film footage of actors and scenery.

Rotoscoped Cel animation appears in the music videos for A-ha's song "Take On Me" and Kanye West's "Heartless".

Live-action and Cel animation were later combined in features such as Song of the South, The Incredible Mr Limpet, Mary Poppins, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Cool World, Space Jam, Looney Tunes: Back in Action, The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, and Enchanted, among many others.

DreamWorks executive Jeffrey Katzenberg coined the term "tradigital Cel animation" to describe animated films produced by his studio which incorporated elements of traditional and computer Cel animation equally, such as The Road to El Dorado, Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron, and Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas.

Computers and digital video cameras can be used as tools in traditional cel animation without affecting the film directly, assisting the animators in their work and making the whole process faster and easier.