Two most common conditions of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis and they have been the two classic COPD phenotypes.
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Two most common conditions of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis and they have been the two classic COPD phenotypes.
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COPD treatments include smoking cessation, vaccinations, pulmonary rehabilitation, inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids.
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Cardinal symptom of COPD is the chronic and progressive shortness of breath which is most characteristic of the condition.
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People with COPD often have increased breathlessness and frequent colds before seeking treatment.
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Some people with COPD attribute the symptoms to the consequences of smoking.
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Acute exacerbations in COPD are often unexplained and a study emphasizes the possibility of a pulmonary embolism as sometimes being responsible in these cases.
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COPD often occurs along with a number of other conditions due in part to shared risk factors.
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Pulmonary vascular COPD phenotype has been described due to cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Cause of the development of COPD is the exposure to harmful particles or gases that irritate the lung causing inflammation that interacts with a number of host factors.
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Primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking with an increased rate of developing COPD shown in smokers and ex-smokers.
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COPD is a progressive lung disease in which chronic, incompletely reversible poor airflow and inability to breathe out fully exist.
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COPD develops as a significant and chronic inflammatory response to inhaled irritants which ultimately leads to bronchial and alveolar remodelling in the lung known as small airways disease.
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Those who smoke additionally have cytotoxic T cell involvement and some people with COPD have eosinophil involvement similar to that in asthma.
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Diagnosis of COPD should be considered in anyone over the age of 35 to 40 who has shortness of breath, a chronic cough, sputum production, or frequent winter colds and a history of exposure to risk factors for the disease.
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Chest X-ray demonstrating severe COPD: Note the small heart size in comparison to the lungs.
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The distinction between asthma and COPD is made on the basis of the symptoms, smoking history and whether airflow limitation is reversible with bronchodilators at spirometry.
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COPD is not curable, but the symptoms are treatable and its progression can be delayed, particularly by stopping smoking.
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In those with COPD who are malnourished, supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and selenium can improve weight, strength of respiratory muscles and health-related quality of life.
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People with COPD who are underweight can improve their breathing muscle strength by increasing their calorie intake.
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The proportion of disability from COPD globally has decreased from 1990 to 2010 due to improved indoor air quality primarily in Asia.
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COPD noted that they did not collapse as usual because they were full of air and the airways were filled with mucus.
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COPD was among the most expensive conditions seen in U S hospitals in 2011, with a total cost of about $5.
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