14 Facts About Cotton mill

Cotton mill is a building that houses spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system.

Arkwright's first Cotton mill – powered by horses in Nottingham in 1768 – was similar to Paul and Wyatt's first Birmingham Cotton mill although by 1772 it had expanded to four storeys and employed 300 workers.

In 1771, while the Nottingham Cotton mill was at an experimental stage, Arkwright and his partners started work on Cromford Mill in Derbyshire, which "was to prove a major turning point in the history of the factory system".

Each room in the Cotton mill would have line shafts suitable for the type of frame, connected by belt drives or gearing.

Just before 1870, a Cotton mill was built by a joint-stock spinning company and this financial structure led to a new wave of Cotton mill construction.

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Decoration was often in terracotta and the Cotton mill name displayed in white brick on the stair tower or chimney.

Lancashire Cotton mill Corporation was a company set up by the Bank of England in 1929, to rescue the Lancashire spinning industry by means of consolidation.

One Cotton mill was later demolished leaving the other to be used as a Shopping Outlet Centre and Craft Village.

Possibly the first steam engine to be used in a cotton mill was a Newcomen engine which was used at Shudehill Mill in 1783 to raise water between storage ponds so it could drive a water wheel.

Cotton mill never employed children under the age of ten, and opposed physical punishment in schools and factories.

Laws were rarely enforced, and the presence of small children in the factory was explained away to the inspectors saying they were visiting the Cotton mill to bring meals to their parents, or helping but not on the payroll .

Cotton mill put out work to small weavers, in effect, employing them.

Spinners union, the Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton mill Spinners had a federal structure with strong central leadership where control was in the hands of a small group of paid officials.

The air in the mill was thick with cotton dust, which could lead to byssinosis – a lung disease.