30 Facts About DNA nanotechnology

DNA nanotechnology is the design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures for technological uses.

Conceptual foundation for DNA nanotechnology was first laid out by Nadrian Seeman in the early 1980s, and the field began to attract widespread interest in the mid-2000s.

DNA nanotechnology, specifically, is an example of bottom-up molecular self-assembly, in which molecular components spontaneously organize into stable structures; the particular form of these structures is induced by the physical and chemical properties of the components selected by the designers.

DNA nanotechnology is well-suited to nanoscale construction because the binding between two nucleic acid strands depends on simple base pairing rules which are well understood, and form the specific nanoscale structure of the nucleic acid double helix.

Dynamic DNA nanotechnology uses a mechanism called toehold-mediated strand displacement to allow the nucleic acid complexes to reconfigure in response to the addition of a new nucleic acid strand.

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One of many schemes for constructing DNA nanotechnology nanotubes uses a lattice of curved DX tiles that curls around itself and closes into a tube.

The earliest demonstrations of DNA nanotechnology polyhedra were very work-intensive, requiring multiple ligations and solid-phase synthesis steps to create catenated polyhedra.

DNA nanotechnology origami was first demonstrated for two-dimensional shapes, such as a smiley face, a coarse map of the Western Hemisphere, and the Mona Lisa painting.

Solid three-dimensional structures can be made by using parallel DNA nanotechnology helices arranged in a honeycomb pattern, and structures with two-dimensional faces can be made to fold into a hollow overall three-dimensional shape, akin to a cardboard box.

Dynamic DNA nanotechnology focuses on forming nucleic acid systems with designed dynamic functionalities related to their overall structures, such as computation and mechanical motion.

DNA nanotechnology complexes have been made that change their conformation upon some stimulus, making them one form of nanorobotics.

DNA nanotechnology walkers are a class of nucleic acid nanomachines that exhibit directional motion along a linear track.

In 2018, a catenated DNA nanotechnology that uses rolling circle transcription by an attached T7 RNA polymerase was shown to walk along a DNA nanotechnology-path, guided by the generated RNA strand.

DNA nanotechnology provides one of the few ways to form designed, complex structures with precise control over nanoscale features.

DNA nanotechnology walkers have been used as nanoscale assembly lines to move nanoparticles and direct chemical synthesis.

DNA nanotechnology has been compared to the concept of programmable matter because of the coupling of computation to its material properties.

One such system being investigated uses a hollow DNA nanotechnology box containing proteins that induce apoptosis, or cell death, that will only open when in proximity to a cancer cell.

The fluorescently labeled DNA nanotechnology tetrahedra were found to remain intact in the laboratory cultured human kidney cells despite the attack by cellular enzymes after two days.

The DNA nanotechnology nanostructure created by the team consists of six strands of DNA nanotechnology to form a tetrahedron, with one strand of RNA affixed to each of the six edges.

The DNA nanotechnology tetrahedron was used in an effort to overcome the phenomena multidrug resistance.

The DNA nanotechnology tetrahedron was used as barcode for profiling the subcellular expression and distribution of proteins in cells for diagnostic purposes.

Similar to naturally occurring protein ion channels, this ensemble of synthetic DNA nanotechnology-made counterparts thereby spans multiple orders of magnitude in conductance.

The study of the membrane-inserting single DNA nanotechnology duplex showed that current must flow on the DNA nanotechnology-lipid interface as no central channel lumen is present in the design that lets ions pass across the lipid bilayer.

Researchers from the University of Cambridge and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign then demonstrated that such a DNA nanotechnology-induced toroidal pore can facilitate rapid lipid flip-flop between the lipid bilayer leaflets.

Sequences of the DNA nanotechnology strands making up a target structure are designed computationally, using molecular modeling and thermodynamic modeling software.

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Conceptual foundation for DNA nanotechnology was first laid out by Nadrian Seeman in the early 1980s.

Several natural branched DNA nanotechnology structures were known at the time, including the DNA nanotechnology replication fork and the mobile Holliday junction, but Seeman's insight was that immobile nucleic acid junctions could be created by properly designing the strand sequences to remove symmetry in the assembled molecule, and that these immobile junctions could in principle be combined into rigid crystalline lattices.

Rothemund's DNA nanotechnology origami contains a long strand which folding is assisted by several short strands.

DNA nanotechnology was initially met with some skepticism due to the unusual non-biological use of nucleic acids as materials for building structures and doing computation, and the preponderance of proof of principle experiments that extended the abilities of the field but were far from actual applications.

Seeman's 1991 paper on the synthesis of the DNA nanotechnology cube was rejected by the journal Science after one reviewer praised its originality while another criticized it for its lack of biological relevance.