1. Douglas MacArthur was an American general who served as a top commander during World War II and the Korean War, achieving the rank of General of the Army.
221 Facts About Douglas MacArthur
1. 2.
Douglas MacArthur served with distinction in World War I; as chief of staff of the United States Army from 1930 to 1935; as Supreme Commander, Southwest Pacific Area, from 1942 to 1945 during WWII; as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers overseeing the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951; and as head of the United Nations Command in the Korean War from 1950 to 1951.
3.
Douglas MacArthur is one of only five people to hold the rank of General of the Army, and the only person to hold the rank of Field Marshal in the Philippine Army.
4.
Douglas MacArthur was valedictorian of the West Texas Military Academy, and First Captain at the US Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated first in his class in 1903.
5.
From 1919 to 1922, Douglas MacArthur served as Superintendent of the US Military Academy, where he initiated a series of reforms.
6.
Douglas MacArthur's next posting was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny.
7.
In 1925, Douglas MacArthur became the Army's youngest major general at the age of 45, and in 1930 was appointed Chief of Staff of the US Army.
8.
Douglas MacArthur was involved in the controversial expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters in Washington, DC, in 1932, and organized the Civilian Conservation Corps.
9.
In 1935, Douglas MacArthur was appointed Military Advisor to the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
10.
Douglas MacArthur retired from the Army in 1937, but continued as an advisor and as a Field Marshal in the Philippine Army from 1936.
11.
Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty in July 1941 as commander of US Army Forces in the Far East.
12.
Douglas MacArthur's forces withdrew to Bataan, where they held out until April 1942.
13.
In March 1942, Douglas MacArthur left nearby Corregidor Island and escaped to Australia, where he was appointed Supreme Commander of the Southwest Pacific Area in April.
14.
Douglas MacArthur promised that he would return to the Philippines, and for his defense of the islands was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1942.
15.
In 1948, Douglas MacArthur made a brief bid for the Republican Party's nomination in that year's presidential election.
16.
Douglas MacArthur later became chairman of the board of Remington Rand, and died in Washington, DC, in 1964.
17.
Douglas MacArthur's father was posted to San Antonio, Texas, in September 1893.
18.
Douglas MacArthur played on the school tennis team, quarterback on the school football team, and shortstop on its baseball team.
19.
Douglas MacArthur was named valedictorian, with a final year average of 97.33 out of 100.
20.
Douglas MacArthur later passed the examination for an appointment from Congressman Theobald Otjen, scoring 93.3.
21.
Douglas MacArthur entered West Point on 13 June 1899, and his mother moved to a suite at Craney's Hotel, which overlooked the grounds of the academy.
22.
Douglas MacArthur was called to appear before a special Congressional committee in 1901, where he testified against cadets implicated in hazing, but downplayed his own hazing even though the other cadets gave the full story to the committee.
23.
Douglas MacArthur was a corporal in Company B in his second year, a first sergeant in Company A in his third year and First Captain in his final year.
24.
Douglas MacArthur graduated first in his 93-man class on 11 June 1903.
25.
At the time it was customary for the top-ranking cadets to be commissioned into the United States Army Corps of Engineers, therefore, Douglas MacArthur was commissioned as a second lieutenant in that corps.
26.
Douglas MacArthur spent his graduation furlough with his parents at Fort Mason, California, where his father, now a major general, was commanding the Department of the Pacific.
27.
Douglas MacArthur was sent to Iloilo, where he supervised the construction of a wharf at Camp Jossman.
28.
Douglas MacArthur conducted surveys at Tacloban City, Calbayog and Cebu City.
29.
Douglas MacArthur was promoted to first lieutenant in Manila in April 1904.
30.
Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco, where he was assigned to the California Debris Commission.
31.
In October 1905, Douglas MacArthur received orders to proceed to Tokyo for appointment as aide-de-camp to his father.
32.
Douglas MacArthur became battalion adjutant in 1909 and then engineer officer at Fort Leavenworth in 1910.
33.
Douglas MacArthur was promoted to captain in February 1911 and was appointed as head of the Military Engineering Department and the Field Engineer School.
34.
Douglas MacArthur participated in exercises at San Antonio, Texas, with the Maneuver Division in 1911 and served in Panama on detached duty in January and February 1912.
35.
Douglas MacArthur requested a transfer to Washington, DC, so his mother could be near Johns Hopkins Hospital.
36.
Army Chief of Staff, Major General Leonard Wood, took up the matter with Secretary of War Henry L Stimson, who arranged for MacArthur to be posted to the Office of the Chief of Staff in 1912.
37.
Douglas MacArthur joined the headquarters staff sent to the area, arriving on 1 May 1914.
38.
Douglas MacArthur realized that the logistic support of an advance from Veracruz would require the railroad.
39.
Douglas MacArthur took three bullets in his clothes but was unharmed.
40.
One of his companions was lightly wounded before the horsemen retired, after Douglas MacArthur shot four of them.
41.
Douglas MacArthur received another bullet hole in his shirt, but his men, using their handcar, managed to outrun all but one of their attackers.
42.
Douglas MacArthur shot both that man and his horse; the party had to remove the horse's carcass from the track before proceeding.
43.
However, the board feared that "to bestow the award recommended might encourage any other staff officer, under similar conditions, to ignore the local commander, possibly interfering with the latter's plans"; consequently, Douglas MacArthur received no award.
44.
Douglas MacArthur returned to the War Department, where he was promoted to major on 11 December 1915.
45.
Douglas MacArthur has since been regarded as the Army's first press officer.
46.
Douglas MacArthur suggested sending first a division organized from units of different states, so as to avoid the appearance of favoritism toward any particular state.
47.
Baker approved the creation of this formation, which became the 42nd Division and appointed Major General William Abram Mann, the head of the National Guard Bureau, as its commander; Douglas MacArthur was its chief of staff, and with his new role came the rank of colonel, skipping the rank of lieutenant colonel.
48.
From its formation at Camp Mills, Long Island in August 1917, Douglas MacArthur was the division's key sparkplug, prime motivator, and individual most responsible for its creation.
49.
Douglas MacArthur's plan succeeded, and MacArthur was awarded a second Silver Star.
50.
Douglas MacArthur reported back to Menoher and Major General Hunter Liggett, the commander of I Corps, that the Germans had indeed withdrawn, and was awarded a fourth Silver Star.
51.
Douglas MacArthur was awarded a second Croix de guerre and made a commandeur of the Legion d'honneur.
52.
The Allied advance proceeded rapidly, and Douglas MacArthur was awarded a fifth Silver Star for his leadership of the 84th Infantry Brigade.
53.
Douglas MacArthur was wounded, but not severely, while leading a reconnaissance patrol into no man's land at night to confirm the existence of the gap in the barbed wire.
54.
Douglas MacArthur was the sole survivor of the patrol, claiming it was a miracle that he survived.
55.
Douglas MacArthur confirmed that there was indeed an enormous, exposed gap in that area due to the lack of enemy gunfire coming from that area.
56.
Douglas MacArthur later wrote that this operation "narrowly missed being one of the great tragedies of American history".
57.
When Douglas MacArthur moved into the superintendent's house with his mother, he became the youngest superintendent since Sylvanus Thayer in 1817.
58.
However, whereas Thayer had faced opposition from outside the army, Douglas MacArthur had to overcome resistance from graduates and the academic board.
59.
Douglas MacArthur sought to modernize the system, expanding the concept of military character to include bearing, leadership, efficiency and athletic performance.
60.
Douglas MacArthur formalized the hitherto unwritten Cadet Honor Code in 1922 when he formed the Cadet Honor Committee to review alleged code violations.
61.
Douglas MacArthur attempted to end hazing by using officers rather than upperclassmen to train the plebes.
62.
Douglas MacArthur attempted to modernize the curriculum by adding liberal arts, government and economics courses, but encountered strong resistance from the academic board.
63.
Douglas MacArthur expanded the sports program, increasing the number of intramural sports and requiring all cadets to participate.
64.
Douglas MacArthur allowed upper class cadets to leave the reservation, and sanctioned a cadet newspaper, The Brag, forerunner of today's West Pointer.
65.
Douglas MacArthur permitted cadets to travel to watch their football team play, and gave them a monthly allowance of $5.
66.
Douglas MacArthur became romantically involved with socialite and multi-millionaire heiress Louise Cromwell Brooks.
67.
In October 1922, Douglas MacArthur left West Point and sailed to the Philippines with Louise and her two children, Walter and Louise, to assume command of the Military District of Manila.
68.
Douglas MacArthur was fond of the children, and spent much of his free time with them.
69.
Douglas MacArthur recovered, but it was the last time he saw his brother Arthur, who died suddenly from appendicitis in December 1923.
70.
In June 1923, Douglas MacArthur assumed command of the 23rd Infantry Brigade of the Philippine Division.
71.
Douglas MacArthur was able to calm the situation, but his subsequent efforts to improve the salaries of Filipino troops were frustrated by financial stringency and racial prejudice.
72.
Douglas MacArthur was the youngest of the thirteen judges, none of whom had aviation experience.
73.
Douglas MacArthur felt "that a senior officer should not be silenced for being at variance with his superiors in rank and with accepted doctrine".
74.
Douglas MacArthur left the Philippines on 19 September 1930 and for a brief time was in command of the IX Corps Area in San Francisco.
75.
Douglas MacArthur had already hired a public relations staff to promote his image with the American public, together with a set of ideas he was known to favor, namely: a belief that America needed a strongman leader to deal with the possibility that Communists might lead all of the great masses of unemployed into a revolution; that America's destiny was in the Asia-Pacific region; and a strong hostility to the British Empire.
76.
Some 53 bases were closed, but Douglas MacArthur managed to prevent attempts to reduce the number of regular officers from 12,000 to 10,000.
77.
Douglas MacArthur grouped the nine corps areas together under four armies, which were charged with responsibility for training and frontier defense.
78.
Douglas MacArthur negotiated the MacArthur-Pratt agreement with the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral William V Pratt.
79.
In March 1935, MacArthur activated a centralized air command, General Headquarters Air Force, under General Frank M Andrews.
80.
Andrews, thanks to Douglas MacArthur putting him in a position of power in 1935, was able to use bureaucratic loopholes to covertly order research and development of the B-17 to the point that when the Army and President Roosevelt finally endorsed four-engine bombers in 1940 B-17s were able to be immediately produced with no delays related to research and testing.
81.
Douglas MacArthur personally intervened and ordered the M1 Garand to use the.
82.
Douglas MacArthur sent tents and camp equipment to the demonstrators, along with mobile kitchens, until an outburst in Congress caused the kitchens to be withdrawn.
83.
Douglas MacArthur went over contingency plans for civil disorder in the capital.
84.
President Herbert Hoover ordered Douglas MacArthur to "surround the affected area and clear it without delay".
85.
In 1934, MacArthur sued journalists Drew Pearson and Robert S Allen for defamation after they described his treatment of the Bonus marchers as "unwarranted, unnecessary, insubordinate, harsh and brutal".
86.
Also accused for proposing 19-gun salutes for friends, Douglas MacArthur asked for $750,000 to compensate for the damage to his reputation.
87.
Douglas MacArthur had met Isabel while in the Philippines, and she had become his mistress.
88.
Douglas MacArthur was forced to settle out of court, secretly paying Pearson $15,000.
89.
Douglas MacArthur supported the New Deal through the Army's operation of the Civilian Conservation Corps.
90.
Douglas MacArthur ensured that detailed plans were drawn up for its employment and decentralized its administration to the corps areas, which became an important factor in the program's success.
91.
In spite of such exchanges, Douglas MacArthur was extended an extra year as chief of staff, and ended his tour in October 1935.
92.
Douglas MacArthur was retroactively awarded two Purple Hearts for his World War I service, a decoration that he authorized in 1932 based loosely on the defunct Military Badge of Merit.
93.
Quezon and Douglas MacArthur had been personal friends since the latter's father had been Governor-General of the Philippines, 35 years earlier.
94.
Douglas MacArthur brought Eisenhower and Major James B Ord along as his assistants.
95.
Douglas MacArthur's mother became gravely ill during the voyage and died in Manila on 3 December 1935.
96.
Douglas MacArthur married Jean Faircloth in a civil ceremony on 30 April 1937.
97.
On 31 December 1937, Douglas MacArthur officially retired from the Army.
98.
Douglas MacArthur ceased to represent the US as military adviser to the government, but remained as Quezon's adviser in a civilian capacity.
99.
Douglas MacArthur changed this plan to one of attempting to hold all of Luzon and using B-17 Flying Fortresses to sink Japanese ships that approached the islands.
100.
Douglas MacArthur persuaded the decision-makers in Washington that his plans represented the best deterrent to prevent Japan from choosing war and of winning a war if worse came to worst.
101.
At 05:30, the Chief of Staff of the US Army, General George Marshall, ordered Douglas MacArthur to execute the existing war plan, Rainbow Five.
102.
Not until 11:00 did Brereton speak with Douglas MacArthur, and obtained permission to begin Rainbow Five.
103.
Douglas MacArthur attempted to slow the Japanese advance with an initial defense against the Japanese landings.
104.
Douglas MacArthur's family ran into the air raid shelter while Douglas MacArthur went outside to the garden of the house with some soldiers to observe and count the number of bombers involved in the raid when bombs destroyed the home.
105.
However, most clung to the belief that somehow Douglas MacArthur "would reach down and pull something out of his hat".
106.
On 1 January 1942, Douglas MacArthur accepted $500,000 from President Quezon of the Philippines as payment for his pre-war service.
107.
In February 1942, as Japanese forces tightened their grip on the Philippines, President Roosevelt ordered Douglas MacArthur to relocate to Australia.
108.
Washington asked Douglas MacArthur to amend his promise to "We shall return".
109.
George Marshall decided that Douglas MacArthur would be awarded the Medal of Honor, a decoration for which he had twice previously been nominated, "to offset any propaganda by the enemy directed at his leaving his command".
110.
Eisenhower pointed out that Douglas MacArthur had not actually performed any acts of valor as required by law, but Marshall cited the 1927 award of the medal to Charles Lindbergh as a precedent.
111.
Marshall admitted the defect to the secretary of war, acknowledging that "there is no specific act of General Douglas MacArthur's to justify the award of the Medal of Honor under a literal interpretation of the statutes".
112.
Douglas MacArthur had been nominated for the award twice before and understood that it was for leadership and not gallantry.
113.
Douglas MacArthur expressed the sentiment that "this award was intended not so much for me personally as it is a recognition of the indomitable courage of the gallant army which it was my honor to command".
114.
At the age of 62 Douglas MacArthur was the oldest living active-duty Medal of Honor recipient in history and as a four-star general, he was the highest-ranked military servicemember to ever receive the Medal of Honor.
115.
Arthur and Douglas MacArthur thus became the first father and son to be awarded the Medal of Honor.
116.
Douglas MacArthur mobilized, trained, and led an army which has received world acclaim for its gallant defense against a tremendous superiority of enemy forces in men and arms.
117.
Douglas MacArthur was touched when he was named Father of the Year for 1942, and wrote to the National Father's Day Committee that:.
118.
On 18 April 1942, Douglas MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area.
119.
Douglas MacArthur established a close relationship with the prime minister of Australia, John Curtin, and was probably the second most-powerful person in the country after the prime minister, although many Australians resented Douglas MacArthur as a foreign general who had been imposed upon them.
120.
Douglas MacArthur formed his own signals intelligence organization, known as the Central Bureau, from Australian intelligence units and American cryptanalysts who had escaped from the Philippines.
121.
Veteran correspondents considered the communiques, which Douglas MacArthur drafted personally, "a total farce" and "Alice-in-Wonderland information handed out at high level".
122.
Douglas MacArthur sent Blamey to Port Moresby to take personal command.
123.
Douglas MacArthur moved the advanced echelon of GHQ to Port Moresby on 6 November 1942.
124.
The next day, Douglas MacArthur watched the landing at Nadzab by paratroops of the 503rd Parachute Infantry.
125.
Douglas MacArthur's B-17 made the trip on three engines because one failed soon after leaving Port Moresby, but he insisted that it fly on to Nadzab.
126.
Douglas MacArthur accompanied the assault force aboard the light cruiser Phoenix, the flagship of Vice Admiral Thomas C Kinkaid, the new commander of the Seventh Fleet, and came ashore seven hours after the first wave of landing craft, for which he was awarded the Bronze Star.
127.
Douglas MacArthur had one of the most powerful PR machines of any Allied general during the war, which made him into an extremely popular war hero with the American people.
128.
Furthermore, Weinberg had argued that it is probable that Roosevelt, who knew of the "enormous gratuity" Douglas MacArthur had accepted from Quezon in 1942, had used his knowledge of this transaction to blackmail Douglas MacArthur into not running for president.
129.
Douglas MacArthur bypassed the Japanese forces at Hansa Bay and Wewak, and assaulted Hollandia and Aitape, which Willoughby reported being lightly defended based on intelligence gathered in the Battle of Sio.
130.
Douglas MacArthur caught the Japanese off balance and cut off Lieutenant General Hatazo Adachi's Japanese XVIII Army in the Wewak area.
131.
However, the terrain turned out to be less suitable for airbase development than first thought, forcing Douglas MacArthur to seek better locations further west.
132.
In July 1944, President Roosevelt summoned Douglas MacArthur to meet with him in Hawaii "to determine the phase of action against Japan".
133.
Douglas MacArthur stressed America's moral obligation to liberate the Philippines and won Roosevelt's support.
134.
When his whaleboat grounded in knee-deep water, Douglas MacArthur requested a landing craft, but the beachmaster was too busy to grant his request.
135.
Since Leyte was out of range of Kenney's land-based aircraft, Douglas MacArthur was dependent on carrier aircraft.
136.
Japanese air activity soon increased, with raids on Tacloban, where Douglas MacArthur decided to establish his headquarters, and on the fleet offshore.
137.
Douglas MacArthur enjoyed staying on Nashvilles bridge during air raids, although several bombs landed close by, and two nearby cruisers were hit.
138.
On 18 December 1944, Douglas MacArthur was promoted to the new five-star rank of General of the Army, placing him in the company of Marshall and followed by Eisenhower and Henry "Hap" Arnold, the only four men to achieve the rank in World War II.
139.
Douglas MacArthur's next move was the invasion of Mindoro, where there were good potential airfield sites.
140.
The operation was clearly hazardous, and Douglas MacArthur's staff talked him out of accompanying the invasion on Nashville.
141.
Douglas MacArthur had instructed Sutherland not to bring Clark to Leyte, due to a personal undertaking to Curtin that Australian women on the GHQ staff would not be taken to the Philippines, but Sutherland had brought her along anyway.
142.
Douglas MacArthur felt that even Willoughby's estimate was too high.
143.
General Douglas MacArthur is in personal command at the front and landed with his assault troops.
144.
Douglas MacArthur ordered the 1st Cavalry Division to conduct a rapid advance on Manila.
145.
Roxas had been a leading Japanese collaborator serving in the puppet government of Jose Laurel, but Douglas MacArthur claimed that Roxas had secretly been an American agent all the long.
146.
Douglas MacArthur authorized daring rescue raids at numerous prison camps like Cabanatuan, Los Banos, and Santo Tomas.
147.
Douglas MacArthur accompanied the assault on Labuan and visited the troops ashore.
148.
Unlike Nimitz, who was told about the atomic bomb in February 1945, Douglas MacArthur was not told about its existence until a few days before Hiroshima was bombed.
149.
On 29 August 1945, Douglas MacArthur was ordered to exercise authority through the Japanese government machinery, including the Emperor Hirohito.
150.
Douglas MacArthur's headquarters was located in the Dai Ichi Life Insurance Building in Tokyo.
151.
Unlike Germany, there was a certain partnership between the occupiers and occupied as Douglas MacArthur decided to rule Japan via the Emperor and most of the rest of the Japanese elite.
152.
The Emperor was a living god to the Japanese people, and Douglas MacArthur found that ruling via the Emperor made his job in running Japan much easier than it otherwise would have been.
153.
Douglas MacArthur disagreed, as he thought that an ostensibly cooperating emperor would help establish a peaceful allied occupation regime in Japan.
154.
Code-named Operation Blacklist, Douglas MacArthur created a plan that separated the emperor from the militarists, retained the emperor as a constitutional monarch but only as a figurehead, and used the emperor to retain control over Japan and help the US achieve their objectives.
155.
Douglas MacArthur did not allow any investigations of the Emperor, and instead in October 1945 ordered his staff "in the interests of peaceful occupation and rehabilitation of Japan, prevention of revolution and communism, all facts surrounding the execution of the declaration of war and subsequent position of the Emperor which tend to show fraud, menace or duress be marshalled".
156.
In January 1946, Douglas MacArthur reported to Washington that the Emperor could not be indicted for war crimes on the grounds:.
157.
Douglas MacArthur was responsible for confirming and enforcing the sentences for war crimes handed down by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.
158.
Douglas MacArthur recommended that Shiro Ishii and other members of Unit 731 be granted immunity from prosecution in exchange for germ warfare data based on human experimentation.
159.
Douglas MacArthur exempted the Emperor and all members of the imperial family implicated in war crimes, including princes such as Chichibu, Asaka, Takeda, Higashikuni and Fushimi, from criminal prosecutions.
160.
Douglas MacArthur said that the emperor's abdication would not be necessary.
161.
Douglas MacArthur's reasoning was if the emperor were executed or sentenced to life imprisonment there would be a violent backlash and revolution from the Japanese from all social classes and this would interfere with his primary goal to change Japan from a militarist, feudal society to a pro-Western modern democracy.
162.
The US was firmly in control of Japan to oversee its reconstruction, and Douglas MacArthur was effectively the interim leader of Japan from 1945 until 1948.
163.
In 1946, Douglas MacArthur's staff drafted a new constitution that renounced war and stripped the Emperor of his military authority.
164.
Some of Douglas MacArthur's reforms were rescinded in 1948 when his unilateral control of Japan was ended by the increased involvement of the State Department.
165.
In 1947, Douglas MacArthur invited the founder and first executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union, Roger Nash Baldwin, to teach the Japanese government and people about civil rights and civil liberties.
166.
Douglas MacArthur asked him to do the same for southern Korea, which Douglas MacArthur was responsible for when it was under US Army occupation.
167.
Douglas MacArthur ignored members of the House Un-American Activities Committee and the FBI who believed that Baldwin was a Soviet-loving communist.
168.
Douglas MacArthur wanted a civil liberties expert to quickly introduce western-style civil rights to the Japanese and thought conservatives would take too long.
169.
Douglas MacArthur legalized the Japanese Communist Party despite reservations from the United States government out of a desire for Japan to be truly democratic and invited them to take part in the 1946 election, which was the first ever election to allow women to vote.
170.
Douglas MacArthur ordered the release of all political prisoners of the Imperial Japanese era, including communist prisoners.
171.
Douglas MacArthur stopped the Communist Party from gaining any popularity in Japan by releasing their members from prison, conducting landmark land reform that made Douglas MacArthur more popular than communism for the rural Japanese farmers and peasants, and allowing the communists to freely participate in elections.
172.
Douglas MacArthur was in charge of southern Korea from 1945 to 1948 due to the lack of clear orders or initiative from Washington, DC There was no plan or guideline given to Douglas MacArthur from the Joint Chiefs of Staff or the State Department on how to rule Korea so what resulted was a very tumultuous 3 year military occupation that led to the creation of the US-friendly Republic of Korea in 1948.
173.
Douglas MacArthur ordered Lieutenant General John R Hodge, who accepted the surrender of Japanese forces in southern Korea in September 1945, to govern that area on SCAP's behalf and report to him in Tokyo.
174.
In 1948, Douglas MacArthur made a bid to win the Republican nomination for president, which was the most serious of several efforts he made over the years.
175.
Douglas MacArthur declined to campaign for the presidency himself, but he privately encouraged his supporters to put his name on the ballot.
176.
Douglas MacArthur had always stated he would retire when a peace treaty was signed with Japan, and his push in the fall of 1947 to have the US sign a peace treaty with Japan was intended to allow him to retire on a high note, and thus campaign for the presidency.
177.
Truman in fact was so worried about Douglas MacArthur becoming president that in 1947 he asked General Dwight Eisenhower to run for president and Truman would happily be his running mate.
178.
In late 1947 and early 1948, Douglas MacArthur received several Republican grandees in Tokyo.
179.
On 9 March 1948 Douglas MacArthur issued a press statement declaring his interest in being the Republican nominee for president, saying he would be honored if the Republican Party were to nominate him, but would not resign from the Army to campaign for the presidency.
180.
Douglas MacArthur's supporters made a major effort to win the Wisconsin Republican primary held on 6 April 1948.
181.
Douglas MacArthur therefore became commander-in-chief of the UNC, while remaining SCAP in Japan and Commander-in-Chief, Far East.
182.
Douglas MacArthur compared his plan with that of General James Wolfe at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, and brushed aside the problems of tides, hydrography and terrain.
183.
Douglas MacArthur was very hesitant about advancing north of the 38th parallel and waited for further instructions.
184.
Douglas MacArthur now planned another amphibious assault, on Wonsan on the east coast, but it fell to South Korean troops before the 1st Marine Division could reach it by sea.
185.
Douglas MacArthur regarded the possibility of Soviet intervention as a more serious threat.
186.
Douglas MacArthur received a Distinguished Flying Cross for supervising the operation in person.
187.
Douglas MacArthur estimated that up to 71,000 Chinese soldiers were in the country, while the true number was closer to 300,000.
188.
That day, Douglas MacArthur flew to Walker's headquarters, and he later wrote:.
189.
Douglas MacArthur was banned by Truman from sending any airplanes, even reconnaissance planes, over Chinese territory and his Air Force and Navy pilots complained to him about Chinese jets illegally attacking them across the Yalu River inside North Korean territory while UN planes were bombing North Korean infrastructure south of the Yalu.
190.
Douglas MacArthur testified before Congress in 1951 that he had never recommended the use of nuclear weapons, and considered but did not recommend a plan to cut off North Korea with radioactive poisons, although he broached the latter with Eisenhower, then president-elect, in 1952.
191.
In January 1951, Douglas MacArthur refused to entertain proposals for the forward deployment of nuclear weapons to cover a UN retreat in Korea as proposed by Truman.
192.
Dean was apprehensive about delegating the decision on how they should be used to Douglas MacArthur, who lacked expert technical knowledge of the weapons and their effects.
193.
Seoul fell in January 1951, and both Truman and Douglas MacArthur were forced to contemplate the prospect of abandoning Korea entirely.
194.
Douglas MacArthur inflicted heavy casualties on the Chinese, recaptured Seoul in March 1951, and pushed on to the 38th Parallel.
195.
In March 1951, secret United States intercepts of diplomatic dispatches disclosed clandestine conversations from Spanish and Portuguese diplomats in Tokyo embassies to their home countries in which they claimed that Douglas MacArthur expressed confidence to them that he would succeed in "disposing of the Chinese Communist question" once and for all.
196.
Truman and Acheson agreed that Douglas MacArthur was insubordinate, but the Joint Chiefs avoided any suggestion of this.
197.
Insubordination was a military offense, and Douglas MacArthur could have requested a public court martial similar to that of Billy Mitchell.
198.
The Joint Chiefs agreed that there was "little evidence that General Douglas MacArthur had ever failed to carry out a direct order of the Joint Chiefs or acted in opposition to an order".
199.
Douglas MacArthur received public adulation, which aroused expectations that he would run for president, but he was not a candidate.
200.
Douglas MacArthur's plan was to then step in and offer himself as a compromise candidate; potentially picking Taft as a running mate.
201.
Douglas and Jean MacArthur spent their last years together in the penthouse of the Waldorf Towers, a part of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.
202.
Douglas MacArthur was elected chairman of the board of Remington Rand in 1952.
203.
Douglas MacArthur visited the White House for a final reunion with Eisenhower.
204.
In 1961, to commemorate the fifteenth anniversary of Filipino independence, an eighty-one year old MacArthur made a "sentimental journey" to the Philippines, where he was decorated by President Carlos P Garcia with the Philippine Legion of Honor and met with cheering crowds.
205.
Douglas MacArthur accepted an advance of $900,000 from Henry Luce for the rights to his memoirs, and wrote the volume that would eventually be published as Reminiscences.
206.
Douglas MacArthur was extremely critical of the military advice given to Kennedy and cautioned the young president to avoid a US military build-up in Vietnam, pointing out that domestic problems should be given a much greater priority.
207.
Douglas MacArthur received an engrossed copy of the resolution that honored him for his military leadership during and following World War II and "for his many years of effort to strengthen the ties between the Philippines and the United States".
208.
Two months later Douglas MacArthur was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal that honored his "gallant service to his country".
209.
In 1963, President Kennedy asked Douglas MacArthur to help mediate a dispute between the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the Amateur Athletic Union over control of track sports in the country.
210.
Douglas MacArthur's presence helped to broker a deal, and participation in the games went on as planned.
211.
On 2 March 1964, Douglas MacArthur was admitted to Walter Reed Army Medical Center for a checkup due to stomach pains and was diagnosed with moderate jaundice.
212.
Douglas MacArthur died in the hospital after surgery on 5 April 1964, of primary biliary cholangitis aged 84.
213.
Kennedy had authorized a state funeral before his own death in 1963, and Johnson confirmed the directive, ordering that Douglas MacArthur be buried "with all the honor a grateful nation can bestow on a departed hero".
214.
Douglas MacArthur had requested to be buried in Norfolk, Virginia, where his mother had been born and where his parents had married.
215.
The majority of South Koreans consider Douglas MacArthur to be a hero who saved the country twice: once in 1945 and once in 1950.
216.
Douglas MacArthur is highly respected and remembered to the present day in the Philippines and Japan.
217.
In 1961 Douglas MacArthur traveled to Manila one final time and was greeted by a cheering crowd of two million.
218.
Douglas MacArthur has been portrayed as a reactionary, although he was in many respects ahead of his time.
219.
Douglas MacArthur championed a progressive approach to the reconstruction of Japan, arguing that all occupations ultimately ended badly.
220.
Douglas MacArthur was often out of step with his contemporaries, such as in 1941 when he contended that Nazi Germany could not defeat the Soviet Union, when he argued that North Korea and China were no mere Soviet puppets, and throughout his career in his insistence that the future lay in the Far East.
221.
Douglas MacArthur always treated Filipino and Japanese leaders with respect as equals.