1. Francesco Marmaggi was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Congregation of the Council and, earlier, as Nuncio in Romania, Czechoslovakia and Poland, as well as being a special envoy to Turkey.
13 Facts About Francesco Marmaggi
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Francesco Marmaggi was educated at the Pontifical Roman Seminary in the city, earning a doctorates in Philosophy and Theology.
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Francesco Marmaggi was ordained in Rome, on 14 April 1900, and afterwards worked in pastoral care in the Diocese of Rome, as well as being a faculty member of the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum Sant'Apollinare, and an official in the Apostolic Penitentiary until 1904.
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Francesco Marmaggi was created Privy Chamberlain of Pope Pius X on 15 November 1907, and reappointed on 7 September 1914.
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Francesco Marmaggi was raised to the level of Domestic Prelate on 2 June 1915.
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Francesco Marmaggi represented the Pope at the 1922 coronation of Ferdinand I as King of Greater Romania, a ceremony which took place in Alba Iulia.
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Francesco Marmaggi was named extraordinary envoy to Turkey after the Greco-Turkish War, part of Pope Pius XI's decision to upgrade the papacy's diplomatic relations, which had outlined in the encyclical Pacem, Dei Munus Pulcherrimum, breaking with the tradition of ceding to Franch the role of protector for Middle Eastern Catholics.
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Francesco Marmaggi was made the second Nuncio to Czechoslovakia in 1923.
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Francesco Marmaggi left Prague on 6 July 1925, after repeatedly warning President Tomas Masaryk, Premier Antonin Svehla and Foreign Minister Edvard Benes not to attend the ceremonies.
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Francesco Marmaggi's protest was echoed by the Catholic People's Party, which criticized Masaryk.
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Francesco Marmaggi then served as Nuncio to Poland from 1928 until he was made Cardinal-Priest of Santa Cecilia in the consistory of 16 December 1935 by Pius XI.
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Francesco Marmaggi participated in the conclave of 1939 that elected Pius XII.
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Francesco Marmaggi left Poland in March 1939, when he was appointed cardinal and Prefect of the Congregation of the Council.