1. Frederic Michael Raphael FRSL was born on 14 August 1931 and is an American-born British novelist, biographer, journalist and Oscar-winning screenwriter, known for writing the screenplays for Darling, Far from the Madding Crowd, Two for the Road, and Stanley Kubrick's last film Eyes Wide Shut.
Frederic Raphael was born in 1931 in Chicago to an American Jewish mother from Chicago, Irene Rose, and a British Jewish father, Cedric Michael Frederic Raphael, an employee of the Shell Oil Company who had been transferred to the United States from Shell's London office.
In 1938, when Frederic Raphael was seven, to his surprise the family moved to England and settled in Putney, London.
Frederic Raphael was educated at Copthorne Preparatory School, Charterhouse School, and St John's College, Cambridge.
Frederic Raphael won an Oscar for the screenplay of the movie Darling and two years later received an Oscar nomination for his screenplay of Two for the Road.
Frederic Raphael wrote the screenplay for the 1967 film adaptation of Thomas Hardy's Far From the Madding Crowd directed by John Schlesinger.
Frederic Raphael has published more than twenty novels, the best-known being the semi-autobiographical The Glittering Prizes, which traces the lives of a group of Cambridge University undergraduates in post-war Britain as they move through university and into the wider world.
Frederic Raphael has published several history books, collections of essays, and translations.
Frederic Raphael has written biographies of W Somerset Maugham and Lord Byron.
Frederic Raphael was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1964.
In 1999, Frederic Raphael published Eyes Wide Open, a memoir of his collaboration with the director Stanley Kubrick on the screenplay of Eyes Wide Shut, Kubrick's final movie.
Frederic Raphael's daughter, Sarah Raphael, was an English artist known for her portraits.