18 Facts About Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect.

Gene expression is summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology first formulated by Francis Crick in 1958, further developed in his 1970 article, and expanded by the subsequent discoveries of reverse transcription and RNA replication.

Process of gene expression is used by all known life—eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and utilized by viruses—to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.

In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i e observable trait.

Regulation of gene expression gives control over the timing, location, and amount of a given gene product present in a cell and can have a profound effect on the cellular structure and function.

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Regulation of gene expression is the basis for cellular differentiation, development, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism.

Regulation of gene expression is the control of the amount and timing of appearance of the functional product of a gene.

Control of expression is vital to allow a cell to produce the gene products it needs when it needs them; in turn, this gives cells the flexibility to adapt to a variable environment, external signals, damage to the cell, and other stimuli.

In general gene expression is regulated through changes in the number and type of interactions between molecules that collectively influence transcription of DNA and translation of RNA.

DNA methylation is a widespread mechanism for epigenetic influence on gene expression and is seen in bacteria and eukaryotes and has roles in heritable transcription silencing and transcription regulation.

Effects of miRNA dysregulation of gene expression seem to be important in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and autism spectrum disorders.

Measuring gene expression is an important part of many life sciences, as the ability to quantify the level at which a particular gene is expressed within a cell, tissue or organism can provide a lot of valuable information.

Similarly, the analysis of the location of protein Gene expression is a powerful tool, and this can be done on an organismal or cellular scale.

Ideally, measurement of expression is done by detecting the final gene product ; however, it is often easier to detect one of the precursors, typically mRNA and to infer gene-expression levels from these measurements.

Analysis of Gene expression is not limited to quantification; localisation can be determined.

An expression system is a system specifically designed for the production of a gene product of choice.

An Gene expression system is therefore often artificial in some manner.

Covariation and correlation of Gene expression is computed across a large sample of cases and measurements .