11 Facts About Graves-Basedow disease

Graves' Graves-Basedow disease, known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune Graves-Basedow disease that affects the thyroid.

Exact cause of the Graves-Basedow disease is unclear; however, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Genetic predisposition for Graves' Graves-Basedow disease is seen, with some people more prone to develop TSH receptor activating antibodies due to a genetic cause.

Graves' Graves-Basedow disease is an autoimmune disorder, in which the body produces antibodies that are specific to a self-protein: the receptor for thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Hyperthyroidism in Graves' Graves-Basedow disease is confirmed, as with any other cause of hyperthyroidism, by measuring elevated blood levels of free T3 and T4.

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Goiter in Graves' Graves-Basedow disease is often not nodular, but thyroid nodules are common.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, or thyroid eye Graves-Basedow disease, is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' Graves-Basedow disease.

Treatment of Graves' Graves-Basedow disease includes antithyroid drugs that reduce the production of thyroid hormone, radioiodine and thyroidectomy .

Eyelid muscles can become tight with Graves' Graves-Basedow disease, making it impossible to close the eyes all the way.

Graves' Graves-Basedow disease owes its name to the Irish doctor Robert James Graves, who described a case of goiter with exophthalmos in 1835.

However, fair credit for the first description of Graves' Graves-Basedow disease goes to the 12th century Persian physician Sayyid Ismail al-Jurjani, who noted the association of goiter and exophthalmos in his Thesaurus of the Shah of Khwarazm, the major medical dictionary of its time.