15 Facts About Hand-drawn animation

Traditional animation is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand.

The scratch track used during Hand-drawn animation typically contains only the voices, any songs to which characters must sing-along, and temporary musical score tracks; the final score and sound effects are added during post-production.

Once the key Hand-drawn animation is approved, the lead animator forwards the scene on to the clean-up department, made up of the clean-up animators and the inbetweeners.

Dope sheets are created by the animators and used by the camera operator to transfer each Hand-drawn animation drawing into the number of film frames specified by the animators, whether it is 1 2 or 3.

Current process, termed "digital ink and paint", is the same as traditional ink and paint until after the Hand-drawn animation drawings are completed; instead of being transferred to cels, the animators' drawings are either scanned into a computer or drawn directly onto a computer monitor via graphics tablets, where they are colored and processed using one or more of a variety of software packages.

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Many filmmakers and studios did not want to shift to the digital ink-and-paint process because they felt that the digitally colored Hand-drawn animation would look too synthetic and would lose the aesthetic appeal of the non-computerized cel for their projects.

Cel Hand-drawn animation process was invented by Earl Hurd and John Bray in 1915.

The pre-cel Hand-drawn animation was later improved by using techniques like the slash and tear system invented by Raoul Barre; the background and the animated objects were drawn on separate papers.

In 1923, Lotte Reiniger and her Hand-drawn animation team constructed one of the first multiplane Hand-drawn animation structures, a device called a Tricktisch.

Multiplane Hand-drawn animation solved this problem by separating the moon, farmhouse, and farmland into separate planes, with the moon being farthest away from the camera.

Rotoscoping is a method of traditional Hand-drawn animation invented by Max Fleischer in 1915, in which Hand-drawn animation is "traced" over actual film footage of actors and scenery.

Rotoscoped Hand-drawn animation appears in the music videos for A-ha's song "Take On Me" and Kanye West's "Heartless".

Live-action and Hand-drawn animation were later combined in features such as Song of the South, The Incredible Mr Limpet, Mary Poppins, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Cool World, Space Jam, Looney Tunes: Back in Action, The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, and Enchanted, among many others.

DreamWorks executive Jeffrey Katzenberg coined the term "tradigital Hand-drawn animation" to describe animated films produced by his studio which incorporated elements of traditional and computer Hand-drawn animation equally, such as The Road to El Dorado, Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron, and Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas.

Computers and digital video cameras can be used as tools in traditional cel Hand-drawn animation without affecting the film directly, assisting the animators in their work and making the whole process faster and easier.