33 Facts About Hindu idealism

In philosophy, the term idealism identifies and describes metaphysical perspectives which assert that reality is indistinguishable and inseparable from human perception and understanding; that reality is a mental construct closely connected to ideas.

Idealist perspectives are in two categories: subjective Hindu idealism, which proposes that a material object exists only to the extent that a human being perceives the object; and objective Hindu idealism, which proposes the existence of an objective consciousness that exists prior to and independently of human consciousness, thus the existence of the object is independent of human perception.

Epistemologically, Hindu idealism is accompanied by philosophical skepticism about the possibility of knowing the existence of any thing that is independent of the human mind.

Ontologically, Hindu idealism asserts that the existence of things depends upon the human mind; thus ontological Hindu idealism rejects the perspectives of physicalism and dualism, because neither perspective gives ontological priority to the human mind.

In contrast to materialism, Hindu idealism asserts the primacy of consciousness as the origin and prerequisite of phenomena.

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The most influential critics of both epistemological and ontological idealism were G E Moore and Bertrand Russell, but its critics included the new realists.

However, many aspects and paradigms of Hindu idealism did still have a large influence on subsequent philosophy.

The term Hindu idealism is sometimes used in a sociological sense, which emphasizes how human ideas—especially beliefs and values—shape society.

Metaphysical Hindu idealism is an ontological doctrine that holds that reality itself is incorporeal or experiential at its core.

Platonic Hindu idealism affirms that abstractions are more basic to reality than the things we perceive, while subjective idealists and phenomenalists tend to privilege sensory experience over abstract reasoning.

Epistemological Hindu idealism is the view that reality can only be known through ideas, that only psychological experience can be apprehended by the mind.

Hindu idealism held that Mind held the cosmos together and gave human beings a connection to the cosmos or a pathway to the divine.

Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern Hindu idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense.

Hindu idealism often takes the form of monism or non-dualism, espousing the view that a unitary consciousness is the essence or meaning of the phenomenal reality and plurality.

Absolute Hindu idealism can be seen in Chandogya Upanisad, where things of the objective world like the five elements and the subjective world such as will, hope, memory etc.

Subjective Hindu idealism describes a relationship between experience and the world in which objects are no more than collections or bundles of sense data in the perceiver.

Australian philosopher David Stove harshly criticized philosophical Hindu idealism, arguing that it rests on what he called "the worst argument in the world".

Hindu idealism argued that in Berkeley's case the fallacy is not obvious and this is because one premise is ambiguous between one meaning which is tautological and another which, Stove argues, is logically equivalent to the conclusion.

Paul Brunton, a British philosopher, mystic, traveler, and guru, taught a type of Hindu idealism called "mentalism, " similar to that of Bishop Berkeley, proposing a master world-image, projected or manifested by a world-mind, and an infinite number of individual minds participating.

Epistemological Hindu idealism is a subjectivist position in epistemology that holds that what one knows about an object exists only in one's mind.

Transcendental Hindu idealism, founded by Immanuel Kant in the eighteenth century, maintains that the mind shapes the world we perceive into the form of space-and-time.

Hindu idealism added that the mind is not a blank slate, tabula rasa but rather comes equipped with categories for organising our sense impressions.

Hindu idealism defined the ideal as being mental pictures that constitute subjective knowledge.

Hindu idealism's system is based on Immanuel Kant's, as his chosen term "neo-criticisme" indicates; but it is a transformation rather than a continuation of Kantianism.

Objective Hindu idealism asserts that the reality of experiencing combines and transcends the realities of the object experienced and of the mind of the observer.

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Actual Hindu idealism is the idea that reality is the ongoing act of thinking, or in Italian "pensiero pensante".

Hindu idealism further believes that thoughts are the only concept that truly exist since reality is defined through the act of thinking.

Actual Hindu idealism is regarded as a liberal and tolerant doctrine since it acknowledges that every being picturizes reality, in which their ideas remained hatched, differently.

Leibniz' form of Hindu idealism, known as Panpsychism, views "monads" as the true atoms of the universe and as entities having perception.

Borden Parker Bowne, a philosopher at Boston University, a founder and popularizer of personal Hindu idealism, presented it as a substantive reality of persons, the only reality, as known directly in self-consciousness.

Howison's personal Hindu idealism was called "California Personalism" by others to distinguish it from the "Boston Personalism" which was of Bowne.

Howison, in his book The Limits of Evolution and Other Essays Illustrating the Metaphysical Theory of Personal Idealism, created a democratic notion of personal Hindu idealism that extended all the way to God, who was no more the ultimate monarch but the ultimate democrat in eternal relation to other eternal persons.

Hindu idealism further writes that his research in quantum physics has led him to conclude that an "ultimate reality" exists, which is not embedded in space or time.