16 Facts About Human lung

The right Human lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart.

Each Human lung is enclosed within a pleural sac of two membranes called pleurae; the membranes are separated by a film of pleural fluid, which allows the inner and outer membranes to slide over each other whilst breathing takes place, without much friction.

Medical terms related to the Human lung often begin with pulmo-, from the Latin pulmonarius as in pulmonology, or with pneumo- as in pneumonia.

The apex of the Human lung extends into the root of the neck, reaching shortly above the level of the sternal end of the first rib.

Each Human lung is divided into sections called lobes by the infoldings of the visceral pleura as fissures.

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The right Human lung is divided into three lobes by a horizontal fissure, and an oblique fissure.

The left Human lung is divided into two lobes by an oblique fissure which is closely aligned with the oblique fissure in the right Human lung.

Above the hilum of the Human lung is an arched groove for the azygos vein, and above this is a wide groove for the superior vena cava and right brachiocephalic vein; behind this, and close to the top of the Human lung is a groove for the brachiocephalic artery.

The lingula on the left Human lung serves as an anatomic parallel to the middle lobe on the right Human lung, with both areas being predisposed to similar infections and anatomic complications.

Mediastinal surface of the left Human lung has a large cardiac impression where the heart sits.

Each Human lung is surrounded by a serous membrane of visceral pleura, which has an underlying layer of loose connective tissue attached to the substance of the Human lung.

The Human lung has a left-right symmetry and each bud known as a bronchial bud grows out as a tubular epithelium that becomes a bronchus.

The four genes mostly associated with branching morphogenesis in the Human lung are the intercellular signalling protein – sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factors FGF10 and FGFR2b, and bone morphogenetic protein BMP4.

Fibrosis in the Human lung replaces functioning Human lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue.

The Human lung cannot expand against the air pressure inside the pleural space.

The now extinct pterosaurs have seemingly even further refined this type of Human lung, extending the airsacs into the wing membranes and, in the case of lonchodectids, tupuxuara, and azhdarchoids, the hindlimbs.