Hyaluronic acid, called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.
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21 Facts About Hyaluronic acid
2.
Hyaluronic acid is a component of the group A streptococcal extracellular capsule, and is believed to play a role in virulence.
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3.
Until the late 1970s, hyaluronic acid was described as a "goo" molecule, a ubiquitous carbohydrate polymer that is part of the extracellular matrix.
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4.
For example, hyaluronic acid is a major component of the synovial fluid and was found to increase the viscosity of the fluid.
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5.
Hyaluronic acid is an important component of articular cartilage, where it is present as a coat around each cell .
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6.
Hyaluronic acid is a major component of skin, where it is involved in repairing tissue.
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7.
Hyaluronic acid combines with water and swells to form a gel, making it useful in skin treatments as a dermal filler for facial wrinkles; its effect lasts for about 6 to 12 months, and treatment has regulatory approval from the US Food and Drug Administration.
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8.
Hyaluronic acid has been FDA-approved to treat osteoarthritis of the knee via intra-articular injection.
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9.
Hyaluronic acid has been used in various formulations to create artificial tears to treat dry eye.
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10.
Hyaluronic acid is a common ingredient in skin care products.
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11.
Currently, hyaluronic acid is used frequently as a soft tissue filler due to its bio-compatibility and reversibility.
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12.
Hyaluronic acid is a polymer of disaccharides, which are composed of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, linked via alternating ß- and ß- glycosidic bonds.
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13.
Hyaluronic acid is energetically stable, in part because of the stereochemistry of its component disaccharides.
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14.
Hyaluronic acid is synthesized by a class of integral membrane proteins called hyaluronan synthases, of which vertebrates have three types: HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3.
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15.
Hyaluronic acid synthesis has been shown to be inhibited by 4-methylumbelliferone, a 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin derivative.
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16.
Hyaluronic acid is a linear glycosaminoglycan, an anionic, gel-like, polymer, found in the extracellular matrix of epithelial and connective tissues of vertebrates.
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17.
UDP-glucuronic Hyaluronic acid is formed from hasC converting glucose-1-P into UDP-glucose, which then reacts with hasB to form UDP-glucuronic Hyaluronic acid.
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18.
Hyaluronic acid can be degraded by a family of enzymes called hyaluronidases.
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19.
Hyaluronic acid is derived from hyalos and uronic acid because it was first isolated from the vitreous humour and possesses a high uronic acid content.
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20.
Hyaluronic acid was first obtained by Karl Meyer and John Palmer in 1934 from the vitreous body in a cow's eye.
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21.
Hyaluronic acid-mediated drug delivery system was deemed useful for targeting inflammatory skin diseases condition.
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