14 Facts About Insulin

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the INS gene.

Insulin is the first protein to be chemically synthesised and produced by DNA recombinant technology.

Insulin is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets in most vertebrates and by the Brockmann body in some teleost fish.

Insulin is produced exclusively in the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in mammals, and the Brockmann body in some fish.

Insulin is synthesized as an inactive precursor molecule, a 110 amino acid-long protein called "preproinsulin".

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Insulin release is stimulated by beta-2 receptor stimulation and inhibited by alpha-1 receptor stimulation.

Insulin is produced and stored in the body as a hexamer, while the active form is the monomer.

Insulin has stimulatory effects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus, thus favoring fertility.

Insulin is used in many cell lines, such as CHO-s, HEK 293 or Sf9, for the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies, virus vaccines, and gene therapy products.

Insulin had to interrupt his experiments because of World War I, and in 1921 he wrote four papers about his work carried out in Bucharest and his tests on a diabetic dog.

Insulin reasoned that a relatively pure extract could be made from the islets once most of the rest of the pancreas was gone.

Insulin moved Banting and Best into a better laboratory and began paying Banting a salary from his research grants.

Insulin invited biochemist James Collip to help with this task, and the team felt ready for a clinical test within a month.

Insulin had isolated thyroxin at the Mayo Clinic in 1914 and patented the process through an arrangement between himself, the brothers Mayo, and the University of Minnesota, transferring the patent to the public university.