Joseph Monier was a French gardener and one of the principal inventors of reinforced concrete.
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31 Facts About Joseph Monier
2.
Joseph Monier began making concrete pots and tubs, but these were not stable enough.
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3.
Joseph Monier was not the first to experiment with reinforced concrete, but he saw some of the possibilities in the technique, and promoted it extensively.
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5.
Joseph Monier obtained his first patent on 16 July 1867, on iron-reinforced troughs for horticulture.
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6.
Important point of Joseph Monier's idea was that it combined steel and concrete in such a way that the best qualities of each material were brought into play.
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7.
Francois Hennebique saw Joseph Monier's reinforced concrete tubs and tanks at the Paris Exposition and began experimenting with ways to apply this new material to building construction.
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8.
Joseph Monier set up his own firm the same year and in 1892 he patented a complete building system using the material.
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9.
Joseph Monier conducted further research in the use of reinforced concrete as a building material, and established a number of construction companies for reinforced concrete.
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10.
Joseph Monier was one of ten children born to a family of horticulturists in the service of the duc d'Uzes.
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11.
Joseph Monier took the opportunity to attend evening classes and learned to read and write.
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12.
Joseph Monier began to make them of cement and reinforced them with a grid of iron rods.
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13.
Joseph Monier continued his education with courses in horticulture and landscape gardening.
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14.
Joseph Monier created small garden pavilions, shaping and carving the concrete surface to imitate the rustic wooden originals.
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15.
Joseph Monier's projects included a 20 cubic metre reservoir and a terrace roof.
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16.
Joseph Monier built a large number of reservoir tanks in this period.
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17.
Joseph Monier was careful to check with clients after some years, to ensure that his products had performed well, and to obtain testimonials.
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18.
Joseph Monier's customers included Alphonse de Rothschild, Baron Max de Springer, and Monsieur Tapinart, marquis de Tilliere.
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19.
In 1873 Joseph Monier applied for an addition to patent 77165 to cover bridges, and in 1875 built his first bridge for the marquis de Tilliere.
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20.
About 1875 Joseph Monier built a staircase leading to the offices above his workshop and applied for a patent to cover this form of construction.
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21.
Joseph Monier was obliged to go further from urban areas in search of clients.
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22.
Joseph Monier described the house as proof against earthquakes, ice, humidity, heat, and fire and received a commission to build such a house in Nice, possibly as a result of a recent earthquake.
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23.
In June 1888, the firm of "J Joseph Monier constructeur" was declared bankrupt, and in April 1889 went into liquidation.
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24.
Joseph Monier probably returned to Paris in 1889, where he exhibited at the Exhibition of that year.
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25.
In retirement, Joseph Monier was harassed by bailiffs and by the tax office, which reasoned that he should have been receiving large commissions from his many foreign patents.
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26.
Joseph Monier sought refuge in the house of his son Lucien, by his second wife.
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27.
Joseph Monier expressed his gratitude for these efforts in a letter published in the journal "Le Ciment" in 1902.
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28.
Joseph Monier died on 13 March 1906 and was buried in the municipal cemetery of Billancourt.
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29.
Joseph Monier took out patents in many countries, throughout Europe and overseas.
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30.
Joseph Monier opted to sell his rights outside France to local businessmen and engineers for a lump sum payment.
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31.
Joseph Monier's name was widely publicised through the work of Gustav Adolf Wayss.
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