31 Facts About Kazimierz Sosnkowski

Kazimierz Sosnkowski was an intellectual who was able to speak Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Italian, and Russian.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski's father, Jozef Sosnkowski of the Godziemba coat of arms, was a wealthy nobleman and owner of several villages.

In 1906, a boycott of the school by the students was declared and the polytechnic was closed, which prevented Kazimierz Sosnkowski from studying there.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski joined the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party and quickly advanced there.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski became the commandant of the organization's Warsaw District.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski led a series of attacks on Russian police posts.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski was criticized in the PPS for his risky tactics, which caused him to be pursued by the tsar's secret police.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski hid in Radom and then in the Dabrowski Basin, where he led the Combat Organization's districts.

On 10 May 1916 Kazimierz Sosnkowski became a colonel, and on 26 September of that year he took over the command of the 1st Brigade.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski was arrested on 22 July 1917 and, along with his commander, imprisoned in Magdeburg.

From March 1919, Kazimierz Sosnkowski was deputy minister for military affairs in the Second Polish Republic.

On 21 April 1920 Kazimierz Sosnkowski was advanced to the rank of divisional general.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski conducted an energetic counter-offensive and recovered most of the lost ground, even though he was considered to be primarily an army organizer, with limited field experience.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski then assumed overall responsibility for supply, logistics, recruitment and rear echelon organization.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski was among the negotiators of the Peace of Riga.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski was one of the politicians who initiated and oversaw the construction of the port of Gdynia.

In 1925, as the Polish permanent representative to the League of Nations, Kazimierz Sosnkowski initiated the adoption of the first international instrument addressing biological weapons of mass destruction: the Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of Poisonous Gases and Bacteriological Methods of Warfare.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski became head of the Committee for Matters of Armaments and Equipment and remained in that position until the outbreak of World War II.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski strongly criticized their policies, including the annexation of Trans-Olza in 1938, which he steadfastly opposed.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski was not assigned a military role in the plans for the 1939 defense of the country.

Gruenbaum interjected, asking Kazimierz Sosnkowski to provide the name of a single Jewish soldier who was reported to have committed such an act of treason.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski became a member of the Polish government-in-exile as minister without portfolio.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski became chairman of the Committee for Home Country Affairs and of the Political Committee of the Council of Ministers.

Only after the tragic death of General Sikorski in July 1943 did Kazimierz Sosnkowski resume active political engagement.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski lobbied hard for Western help for the Home Army's struggle in Poland.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski found the Soviet conditions for military cooperation unacceptable and protested the Poland-related decisions made by the leaders of the United Kingdom and the United States.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski turned to the western Allies for help, but when no substantial support for the uprising materialized, he strongly criticized the Allied leaders.

Under pressure from Winston Churchill, on 30 September 1944 Kazimierz Sosnkowski was demoted from commander-in-chief.

Between 1952 and 1954 Kazimierz Sosnkowski was active in the unification movement of the various Polish emigre groups and was instrumental in the signing of the 1954 Act of National Unification in London.

Kazimierz Sosnkowski died on 11 October 1969 in Arundel, Quebec and was buried in France.

Over his career, Kazimierz Sosnkowski used a number of noms de guerre, including Baca, Godziemba, Jozek, Ryszard, Szef.