13 Facts About London boroughs

London boroughs are the 32 local authority districts that together with the City of London make up the administrative area of Greater London; each is governed by a London borough council.

The present London boroughs were all created at the same time as Greater London on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963 and are a type of local government district.

The City of London boroughs, the historic centre, is a borough, though it operates differently from the others.

Inner London boroughs tend to be smaller, in both population and area, and more densely populated than Outer London boroughs.

The London boroughs were created by combining groups of former local government units.

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The large county London boroughs provided all local government services and held the powers usually invested in county councils.

Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London boroughs was established in 1957 and the report was published on 19 October 1960.

The City of London boroughs continued to be administered by the City of London boroughs Corporation, and the Inner and Middle Temples continued to govern their own areas.

The split of powers and functions meant that the Greater London boroughs Council was responsible for "wide area" services such as fire, ambulance, flood prevention, and refuse disposal; with the London boroughs borough councils responsible for "personal" services such as social care, libraries, cemeteries and refuse collection.

London boroughs were created by combining whole existing units of local government and it was realised that this might provide arbitrary boundaries in some places.

London boroughs are administered by London borough councils, which are elected every four years.

The London boroughs are local government districts and have similar functions to metropolitan London boroughs.

London boroughs argues that shared service projects fail because they cause a disruption to the service flow by moving the work to a central location, creating waste in hand-offs, rework and duplication, lengthening the time it takes to deliver a service and consequently creating failure demand .