21 Facts About Ma Anliang

Ma Anliang was a Hui born in Hezhou, Gansu, China.

Ma Anliang became a general in the Qing dynasty army, and of the Republic of China.

Ma Anliang defected to Qing in 1872 during the Dungan revolt, along with several other Hui Muslims, including his father, Ma Zhan'ao, Ma Haiyan, and Ma Qianling.

General Ma Anliang joined the Qing General Zuo Zongtang, in the campaign against the Turkic Muslim rebels under Yaqub Beg.

Ma Anliang led an entire army composed of Chinese Muslim troops against Yaqub Beg's Turkic Muslim forces, and defeated him, reconquering Turkestan for China.

Ma Qi, one of Ma Anliang's subordinates, staged a rescue operation and brought Ma Wanfu to Xining.

Hui General Ma Anliang abandoned the Qing cause upon the Qing abdication in the Xinhai Revolution while the Manchu governor general Shengyun was enraged at the revolution.

Pro-revolution Hui Muslims like Shaanxi Governor Ma Yugui and Beijing Imam Wang Kuan persuaded Qing Hui general Ma Anliang to stop fighting, telling him as Muslims not to kill each other for the sake of the Qing monarchists and side with the republican revolutionaries instead.

Ma Anliang then agreed to abandon the Qing under the combination of Yuan Shikai's actions and these messages from other Hui.

In October 1903, in Ili, Ma Anliang served as "Brigade-General".

Ma Anliang fought against the Bai Lang Rebellion, and attacked the Xidaotang Muslim organization.

Ma Anliang was suspicious of the Republicanism of the Xidaotang, since Ma was a conservative and a monarchist and supported Yuan Shikai.

In 1914, Ma Anliang tried to exterminate the "New New-Sect", the Xidaotang and its leader Ma Qixi.

General Ma Anliang was the de facto senior leader of all Muslims in northwestern China from the beginning of the Republican era in 1912 until he died.

Ma Anliang was succeeding by General Ma Fuxiang in this position.

In 1917, Ma Anliang ordered his younger brother Ma Guoliang to suppress a rebellion of Tibetans in Xunhua who rebelled because of heavy taxes Ma Anliang imposed on them.

Ma Anliang did not report it to the central government in Beijing and was reprimanded for it, and Ma Qi was sent by the government to investigate the case and suppress the rebellion.

Ma Anliang was praised for protecting "his people from sectarian strife and opium".

Ma Anliang's father was Ma Zhan'ao and his brother was Ma Guoliang.

Ma Anliang had 5 sons, Ma Tingxiang , Ma Tingxian , and 3 other unknown children.

Ma Anliang was executed by Feng Yuxiang after first rebelling against Feng and the Guominjun, defecting to Chiang Kaishek and the Kuomintang after Chiang and Feng went to war against each other, and finally after Chiang dismissed Ma from his posts, attempted to flee and was captured by Feng.