1. Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro was an Italian Cardinal in the Catholic Church, and the last man to have his candidacy for papal election vetoed through jus exclusivae by a Catholic monarch.
18 Facts About Mariano Rampolla
1. 2.
Mariano Rampolla entered the Vatican Seminary in 1856, and in 1861 continued his education at the Collegio Capranica and the Pontifical Gregorian University.
3.
Mariano Rampolla obtained a doctorate in utroque iure in 1870.
4.
On 1 December 1882 Mariano Rampolla was appointed titular archbishop of Heraclea in Europa, and on 8 December 1882 was consecrated bishop by Cardinal Edward Henry Howard.
5.
Mariano Rampolla began to swing papal policy from support of Austria-Hungary toward support of France, Austria's enemy.
6.
Mariano Rampolla fought for the restoration of the pope's reign over the former Papal States and fought new penal codes that aimed to criminalize clerical activity.
7.
Mariano Rampolla expressed his opinion that the French people were obligated to support Prime Minister Jules Meline at the height of the Dreyfus Affair.
8.
When Leo XIII died in 1903, it was widely expected that Mariano Rampolla would be elected pope.
9.
Mariano Rampolla's candidacy gained momentum until the last moment when the Austrian Emperor Francis Joseph I imposed the veto jus exclusivae during the conclave.
10.
Mariano Rampolla was reported to have received enough votes to win.
11.
Mariano Rampolla, according to Merry del Val, actually gained votes after the veto.
12.
However, Merry del Val later told Ludwig von Pastor that he thought Mariano Rampolla was unlikely to win since a majority of the cardinals wanted a more conservative direction following the relatively liberal pontificate of Pope Leo XIII, as did he himself.
13.
Support for Rampolla dissipated, leading to the election of Giuseppe Sarto as Pope Pius X Abolition of the veto right was one of his first official acts, on 20 January 1904.
14.
Between 1908 and his death in 1913, Mariano Rampolla served as Secretary of the Holy Office.
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Mariano Rampolla continued to be viewed as a likely successor to Pope Pius X in case of the pontiff's death.
16.
Mariano Rampolla died suddenly in Rome on 16 December 1913 at age seventy, some months before the pope died in August 1914.
17.
Mariano Rampolla was buried in the Campo Verano Cemetery near the Basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
18.
On 19 June 1929, twelve days after the Italian Parliament ratified the Lateran Treaty, the body of Cardinal Mariano Rampolla was transferred to Santa Cecilia in Trastevere.