18 Facts About Metformin

Metformin, sold under the brand name Glucophage, among others, is the main first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, particularly in people who are overweight.

Metformin is the most widely used medication for diabetes taken by mouth.

Metformin is used to lower the blood sugar in those with type 2 diabetes.

Metformin has a lower risk of hypoglycemia than the sulfonylureas, although hypoglycemia has uncommonly occurred during intense exercise, calorie deficit, or when used with other agents to lower blood glucose.

Metformin is recommended to be temporarily discontinued before any procedure involving use of iodinated contrast agents, due to the increased risk of lactic acidosis resulting from impaired kidney function; metformin can be resumed after two days after contrast administration, if renal function is adequate and stable.

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Metformin exerts an anorexiant effect in most people, decreasing caloric intake.

Metformin is frequently used in research along with AICA ribonucleotide as an AMPK agonist.

Metformin has indirect antiandrogenic effects in women with insulin resistance, such as those with PCOS, due to its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity.

Metformin has significant effects on the gut microbiome, such as its effect on increasing agmatine production by gut bacteria, but the relative importance of this mechanism compared to other mechanisms is uncertain.

Metformin is distributed to red blood cells, with a much longer elimination half-life: 17.

Metformin hydrochloride is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, but almost insoluble in acetone, ether, or chloroform.

Metformin was first described in the scientific literature in 1922, by Emil Werner and James Bell, as a product in the synthesis of N, N-dimethylguanidine.

Metformin became available in the British National Formulary in 1958.

Metformin was approved in Canada in 1972, but did not receive approval by the U S Food and Drug Administration for type 2 diabetes until 1994.

Name "Metformin" is the BAN, USAN, and INN for this medication, and is sold under several trade names.

Metformin IR is available in 500-, 850-, and 1000-mg tablets, while Metformin XR is available in 500-, 750-, and 1000-mg strengths .

Metformin is available combined with the sulfonylureas glipizide and glibenclamide .

Metformin has been studied for its effects on multiple other conditions, including:.