Niklaus Manuel Deutsch, of Bern, was a Swiss artist, writer, mercenary and Reformed politician.
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12 Facts About Niklaus Manuel
2.
Niklaus Manuel used "Manuel", the given name of his father, as his surname and used "Deutsch", as the German equivalent of the surname Alleman, as an additional appellation, signing his works with the initials NMD.
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3.
Niklaus Manuel is first recorded in 1509, when he married Katharina Frisching, daughter of Hans Frisching, a former Bernese reeve and member of the city council .
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4.
Niklaus Manuel is considered the founder of the patrician Manuel family of Berne.
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5.
From 1510, Niklaus Manuel was a member of the city parliament .
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6.
Niklaus Manuel is first recorded as a painter in the employment of the city in 1513.
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7.
Niklaus Manuel's latest signed works date from around 1520, after which time he dedicated himself to literary production.
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8.
Niklaus Manuel used a drawing of a Swiss degen alongside the initials NMD as his mark; the Swiss degen appears on his literary manuscripts, and schwitzerdegen appears as his author's pseudonym in some of his printed works.
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9.
Niklaus Manuel composed a satirical song against the German Landsknechts who defeated the Swiss mercenaries in this battle.
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11.
Niklaus Manuel wrote two anti-catholic carnival plays or Fasnachtsspiele, performed in 1522.
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12.
Niklaus Manuel was sent as a representative of Bern to the Swiss Diet in 1526.
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